Leaves typically strongly concave to convolute leaves, often exhibiting entire apical leaf margins; leaf cells narrowly rhomboidal, mostly thick-walled, pitted, lumen narrower, smooth, rarely somewhat papillose in some cells; alar region consisting of one row of inflated, hyaline or yellowish cells, rarely deeply brown.Dioicous, rarely autoicous. Inner perichaetial leaves erect, sheathing at base, acute or acuminate above. Setae slender and elongate, usually mammillose above, rarely smooth; calyptra cucullate.