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Published In: Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique, sér. 2, 16: 279. 1841. (Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2,) Name publication detailView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
 

Project Name Data (Last Modified On 3/17/2014)
Acceptance : Accepted
Project data     (Last Modified On 3/17/2014)
Discussion:

He and Snider (2000), in a revison of Symphyodon, recognized 15 species in the genus, only one of which (S. imbricatifolius) occurs in the New World. The genus is concentrated in southern and southeastern Asia; there are 12 species in the Indo-Himalayan region. Symphyodon pygmaeus (Broth.) He & Snider is the most broadly distributed species; it extends from Mozambique, through Southeast Asia, and into Hawaii. Symphyodon has a remarkably homogeneous morphology. It is dis-tinguished gametophytically by its yellowish green plants that lack a stem central strand; stems with scale leaves around its branch primordia; slightly asymmetric, often oblong or lingulate leaves with sharply serrate upper margins; linear, prorate upper leaf cells; and weakly developed, firm-walled alar cells. Sporophytically Symphyodon has elongate setae; erect to suberect, symmetric, spinose cap-sules; well-developed annuli and stomata; and neckeraceous peristomes.

The name Symphyodon combines the Greek sym- (together) with phy- (grow or produce) and odon (tooth), in reference to the exostome and endostome, which are sometimes fused at the base.


 

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Plants small to large, dull or glossy, golden to yellowish green. Stems prostrate, simple or irreg-ularly pinnately, or tripinnately branched, at times filiform-attenuate, branches sometimes easily detached; stems in cross section with epidermis of small, thick-walled cells, central strand absent; pa-raphyllia absent; pseudoparaphyllia absent, scale leaves present; rhizoids from small clusters of ini-tials abaxial to the leaf insertions, smooth, not or sparsely and irregularly branched. Stem and branch leaves similar or dimorphic, oval, ovate, oblong, oblong-ovate, oblong-lanceolate, or lingulate, plane to concave, at times undulate, slightly asymmetric, obtuse, acute, or acuminate, not or shortly decur-rent; margins serrulate to coarsely serrate, plane or inflexed, often incurved on one side at base; costae short and double, extending to 1/4–1/2 the leaf length; cells smooth or prorate on dorsal surface, firm-walled, median cells linear, extreme apical cells shorter; alar cells more or less differentiated, of sev-eral quadrate to short-rectangular cells. Asexual gemmae sometimes present on stems. Dioicous. Setae elongate, smooth below, roughened to papillose above. Capsules erect to suberect, cylindric to oblong-ovate, symmetric, mammillose at the neck, densely spinose above; exothecial cells thick-walled, rectangular, not collenchymatous; stomata present; opercula conic, apiculate to long-rostrate; annuli well developed; peristome diplolepideous; exostome teeth narrowly triangular, dorsal (outer) surface smooth, faintly papillose, or weakly cross-striate at base, median lines faint, ventral (inner) surface smooth or papillose; endostome basal membranes low, smooth or faintly papillose, segments narrow, keeled, perforate, lightly papillose, cilia absent. Calyptrae cucullate, naked, smooth.

 

 
 
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