Tropicos | Name - !!Schistidium Bruch & Schimp.

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!!Schistidium Bruch & Schimp.

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Project Name Data (Last Modified On 11/6/2012)

Acceptance : Accepted

Project Data (Last Modified On 8/10/2022)

Plant Category: Mosses

General Reference:

Bremer, B. 1980. A taxonomic revision of Schistidium (Grimmiaceae, Bryophyta) 1. Lindbergia 6: 1–16.
Bremer, B. 1980. A taxonomic revision of Schistidium (Grimmiaceae, Bryophyta) 2. Lindbergia 6: 89–117.
Bremer, B. 1981 [1982]. A taxonomic revision of Schistidium (Grimmiaceae, Bryophyta) 3. Lindbergia 7: 73–90.
McIntosh, T. T. 2007. Schistidium. 27: 207–225. In Fl. N. Amer. Oxford University Press, New York.

Notes (Last Modified On 8/10/2022)

Notes:

Schistidium contains about 100 species (depending on the authority), widely distributed in the temperate regions. In the Neotropics four species sensu Bremer, but probably on the order of 20-30 species. In the tropical Andes confined to high elevations, often associated with páramo and puna (both wet and dry); exposed arid sites or along or a few species found in or along streams. The single feature that readily distinguishes Schistidium from several other neotropical genera of this family, particularly Grimmia is the columella that remains attached to the operculum when the latter separates from the urn. Bolivia and Peru are probably the most diverse countries with regard to Schistidium, and require a careful and detailed study. The treatment provided for North American species of Schistidium by McIntosh (2007) is instructive. The following keys are adapted from Bremer with some modifications; all will be revised with additional species.

Schistidium contiene ca. 100 especies (dependiendo del autor), ampliamente distribuidas en regiones templadas. En el Neotrópico cuatro especie sensu Bremer, pero probablemente supere las 20-30 especies. En los Andes tropicales el género está confinado a altas elevaciones, a menudo asociado con el páramo y la puna (húmeda y seca); en sitios áridos expuestos o pocas especies se encuentran en quebradas. La única característica que distingue claramente a Schistidium de varios otros géneros neotropicales de esta familia, particularmente Grimmia es la columela que permanece adherida al opérculo mientras que en este último se separa de la urna. Bolivia y Perú probablemente son los países con mayor diversidad de Schistidium, y requieren un estudio cuidadoso y detallado.

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Plants rather small to medium sized, forming dense short cushions or tufts, dark green to blackish-brown. Stems erect, few branched by innovations; in cross-section outer 2-3 rows of cells small, thick-walled, inner cells larger, firm, thin- to thick-walled, central strand absent or weakly defined. Leaves erect to erect-spreading, narrowly to broadly lanceolate, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, to 2.5 mm long, to 0.8 mm wide, apex broadly acute to acuminate, hyaline to concolorous, base rather short decurrent; margins recurved on one or both sides, entire or apices roughed to serrate; costae single, strong, projecting at back, in cross-section cells little differentiated, all very thick-walled, guide cells absent; laminal cells thick-walled, upper cells subquadrate to short oblong and oblate; lower cells subquadrate or short rectangular, often slightly to distinctly sinuose; basal cells larger, quadrate to short rectangular. Autoicous. Setae short, to ca. 0.5 mm long, erect. Capsules immersed, erect, urn ovoid to ovoid-short cylindrical, to 1.5 mm long, exothecial cells rather irregular quadrate, ± thick-walled, rim cells elongate-oval, oblate, dark red; stomata several at urn base, superficial; opercula conic-mammillate; peristome single, teeth 16, subentire, usually perforate, dark red, densely papillose. Calyptrae short cucullate, smooth and naked, base entire. Spores spherical to ovoid, lightly papillose.

Plantas muy pequeñas a medianas, formando cojines o manojos densos cortos, verde oscuras hasta pardo-negruzcas. Tallos erectos, poco ramificados por innovaciones; en corte transversal 2-3 filas externas de células pequeñas, con paredes gruesas, células internas mayores, , pared celular delgada hasta gruesa, firmes, sin cordón central o débilmente definida. Hojas erectas hasta erecto-extendidas, angostamente hasta anchamente lanceoladas, ovadas u oblongo-lanceoladas, hasta 2.5 mm de largo, hasta 0.8 mm de ancho, ápices anchamente agudos hasta acuminados, hialinos hasta concoloros, base bastante corto-decurrente; márgenes recurvados sobre uno o ambos lados, ápices ásperos hasta serrados o enteros; costa simple, fuerte, proyectándose atrás, en corte transversal células poco diferenciadas, todas con paredes muy gruesas, sin células guía; células de la lámina con paredes gruesas, células superiores subcuadradas hasta corto-oblongas y oblatas; células inferiores subcuadradas o corto-rectangulares, a menudo escasa hasta conspicuamente sinuosas; células basales mayores, cuadradas hasta corto-rectangulares. Autoicas. Setas cortas, hasta ca. 0.5 mm de largo, erectas. Cápsulas inmersas, erectas, urna ovoide hasta corto-ovoide cilíndrica, hasta 1.5 mm de largo, células exoteciales cuadradas muy irregulares, pared celular ± gruesa, células del borde elongado-ovales, oblatas, rojas oscuras; varios estomas en la base de la urna, superficiales; opérculo cónico-mamiloso; peristoma simple, con 16 dientes, subenteros, generalmente perforados, rojos oscuros, densamente papilosos. Caliptra corta, cuculada, lisa y desnuda, base entera. Esporas esféricas hasta ovoides, finamente papilosas.