Tropicos | Name - !Entosthodon bonplandii (Hook.) Mitt.

Cent. Amer. Moss > Funariaceae > Entosthodon > Entosthodon bonplandii

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!Entosthodon bonplandii (Hook.) Mitt.

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Discussion:

Entosthodon bonplandii is the most common Entosthodon in Central America. It is characterized by bordered leaves and mostly gymnostomous capsules that are less than 1.5 mm long. Entosthodon attenuatus also has border leaves, but it differs from E. bonplandii in having longer, peristomate capsules, and by more pointed but less toothed leaves. All other Central American species of Entosthodon have unbordered leaves. Confusion is possible with Physcomitrium which also has bordered leaves and gymnostomous capsules. However, in Physcomitrium the costa is usually stronger and consistently subpercurrent, the operculum is short‑rostrate, the capsule mouth is more flaring, and the exothecial cells are more or less isodiametric with more oblate cells at the mouth.

Illustrations: Hooker (1816, Pl. 1 B); Bartram (1949, Fig. 67 A–C); Fife (1985, Pl. 4 42, Pl. 10 o); (Fife 1987, Figs. 50–70); Sharp et al. (1994, Fig. 330). Figure 109.

Habitat: On bare soil, ditches, road banks, over rocks and on trees; (350–)1360–2438 m.

Distribution in Central America: GUATEMALA. Alta Verapaz: Standley 90014 (F). HONDURAS. Comayagua: Allen 13449 (MO); Francisco Morazán: Allen 12398B (MO); Ocotepeque: Allen 14461 (MO). COSTA RICA. Alajuela: Bowers 378-d (MO); Cartago: Gómez 2101 (F, MO); Heredia: Gómez 20069 (CR, MO); Puntarenas: Lyon 316 (MO); San José: Griffin & Morales A13 (F, MO, NY).

World Range: Mexico; Central America; Caribbean, Northern, Western and Southern South America, Brazil.

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Entosthodon bonplandii (Hook.) Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 12: 245. 1869.

Gymnostomum bonplandii Hook., Pl. Crypt. 1b. 1816. Physcomitrium bonplandii (Hook.) De Not., Syllab. Musc. 283. 1838. Amphoritheca bonplandii (Hook.) Jaeg., Ber. Thätigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1872–73: 219. 1874. Funaria bonplandii (Hook.) Broth., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 524. 1903. Protologue: Colombia. In umbrosis humidis prope Suacha et Santa Fè de Bogota, altit. 1370 hexapod. (Regnum Novum-Granatense), Humboldt & Bonpland.

Entosthodon pellucidus C. Müll., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 13: 747. 1855. Funaria pellucida (C. Müll.) Broth., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 523. 1903. Protologue: Martinique. Martinique: Sieber.

Entosthodon husnotii Schimp. ex Besch., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 6, 3: 203. 1876. Funaria husnotii (Besch.) Broth., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 525. 1903. Protologue: Martinique. Martinique, sur la terre humide de la montagne Pelée, 1250 mètr. (Husnot Exsicc., n°. 116); sur le bord des chemins (Hahn n° 798)

Entosthodon microcarpus C. Müll., Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 174. 1897. Funaria microcarpa (C. Müll.) Broth., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 524. 1903. Protologue: Guatemala. Zatulum prope Coban, in terra, 4400 ped. altus, Decembri 1895: v. Türckheim, in Hb. Levier.

Entosthodon paucifolius C. Müll., Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 548. 1897; Funaria paucifolia (C. Müll.) Broth., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 524. 1903. Protologue: Jamaica. Jamaica, prope plantationes Cinchonae, 4900 ped. altus, 11 Aprili 1896: W. Harris. Hb Jamaciense n° 10044.

Entosthodon antillarum Besch. ex C. Müll., Gen. Musc. Frond. 108. 1901 [1900], nom. nud.

Plants yellow‑ to brown‑green, usually gregarious in lax to dense tufts. Stems erect, 2–4 mm tall, sparsely branching by subperigonial innovations, usually more or less naked at base (except for rhizoids), the leaves usually clustered toward stem apices, with a single‑layered sclerodermis, central strand well-developed. Leaves erect‑spreading when dry, contorted, wide‑spreading to squarrose when moist, obovate to spathulate, acute to short‑cuspidate, (1.5–)2–2.5(–3.5) mm long, concave, not decurrent; margins bluntly serrate above, subentire below, plane; costa ending 3/4 the leaf length to subpercurrent; upper cells subquadrate to hexagonal to short‑rectangular, thin‑walled, smooth, (34–)45–85 x (17–)20–28(– 40) μm, differentiated at the margins with 1–2(–3) rows of narrow, elongate, yellowish cells, more or less confluent in the apex, disappearing toward the insertion, basal cells long‑rectangular, (68–)85–129(–157) x 22–43(–51) μm, sometimes inflated, alar cells not differentiated. Autoicous. Setae orange to reddish brown, straight to slightly flexuose, twisted to the right throughout, weakly hygroscopic, smooth, 0.5–1(–2) cm long. Capsules reddish brown, oblong‑pyriform with the neck somewhat less than 1/2 the capsule length, erect, symmetric, somewhat constricted below the flaring mouth when dry, wrinkled to sulcate in the neck, smooth above, 1–1.4(–2) mm long; exothecial cells fusiform‑hexagonal to rectangular, thick‑walled, shorter in the neck, becoming quadrate to oblate and thin‑walled in 5–6 rows at the mouth; stomata phaneroporous; opercula plano‑convex, with a slightly paler margin, cells subquadrate to short‑rectangular, thick‑walled, in more or less regular, straight vertical rows; annuli simple; peristome typically none, rarely single and exostomial, when present teeth rudimentary, deeply inserted, barely exceeding mouth. Spores subspherical to reniform, (24– )28–34 μm in diameter, verrucate‑lirate, appearing very finely but densely roughened, without trilete scars. Calyptrae cucullate‑rostrate, 2–2.6 mm long, naked, smooth.