Ecology and distribution. Open montane to páramo; typically on soil and soil covered rocks, mostly associated with semi-dry vegetation. Frequent, at elevations from 400-4400 m (Venezuela: 1650-4200 m, Colombia: 1030-3700 m, Ecuador: 1200-4200 m, Peru: 400-4400 m, Bolivia: 1500-3650 m, NW Argentina 2000-3000 m). Widespread in southwest United States, Tropical Andes; also Africa.
Pseudocrossidium replicatum is distinguished by the ovate- to oblong lanceolate leaves to ca. 2 mm, rounded or obtuse, apiculate apices, spirally revolute margins, short excurrent costa with smooth, sharply pointed mucro, single ventral (adaxial) epidermial costal layer, thin to thick-walled, short to long basal cells, setae to 14 mm, capsules to ca. 2.5 mm, and densely spiculose 32 peristome teeth.