Tropicos | Name - !Campylopus zygodonticarpus (Müll. Hal.) Paris

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!Campylopus zygodonticarpus (Müll. Hal.) Paris

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Project Name Data (Last Modified On 4/12/2011)

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Project data (Last Modified On 4/12/2011)

Discussion:

Campylopus zygodonticarpus is a fairly common but generally unrecognized species in Central America. It is a small plant with erect capsules and setaceous leaves that are erect at base and flexuous above when dry. The species has basal leaf cells that are enlarged and firm-walled juxtacostally but smaller and firm-walled at the margins, and ventral hyalocysts in the costa that are smaller than or only as large as the guide cells, poorly developed, frequently fugacious alar cells. These characters are extremely variable and in a single collection, depending upon which leaves are examined, the basal cells may be firm or lax walled, the ventral hyalocysts smaller or little larger than the guide cells, and alar cells absent to moderately developed. The degree of fringing on the calyptrae is also variable: both fringed and unfringed calyptrae can occur in single collections.

Dicranum tuerckheimii has been treated as a synonom of Microcampylopus curvisetus, but the ciliate calyptrae and small ventral hyalocysts in the costa place it in the synonomy of C. zygodonticarpus.

Illustrations: Frahm (1978, Pl. 31); Crum and Anderson (1981, Fig. 98 A–F, as C. surinamensis "donnellii" expression); Frahm (1991a, Fig. 139).

Habitat: Tree trunks and branches, rotting logs, humus at base of stumps, wet soil banks and cliffs; 950–2650 m.

Distribution in Central America: GUATEMALA. Alta Verapaz: Standley 90784 (F, NY); Baja Verapaz: Sharp 5191 (F); Quezaltenango: Standley 85913 (F, US); Quiché: Sharp 2535 (MO). EL SALVADOR. Santa Ana: Watson 60 (MO). HONDURAS. Comayagua: Standley 56117 (F, NY, US); Lempira: Allen 12264 (MO, TEFH); Morazán: Standley 325 (F); Olancho: Allen 12853 (MO, TEFH). COSTA RICA. Alajuela: Brenes 21861 (F); Cartago: Alfaro s.n. (F); Guanacaste: Alfaro 24 (F); Heredia: Standley & Valerio 50485 (NY, US); San José: Stevens 13426 (MO). PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: Allen 5337 (MO); Chiriquí: Allen 5375 (MO).

World Range: Southeastern U.S.A.; Mexico; Central America; Western and Northern South America.

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Campylopus zygodonticarpus (C. Müll.) Par., Ind. Bryol. 265. 1894. Dicranum zygodonticarpum C. Müll., Linnaea 42: 471. 1879. Type. Venezuela, Fendler 35 (NY).

Dicranum donnellii Aust., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 4: 150. 1879. Campylopus donnellii (Aust.) Lesq. & James, Man. Mosses N. Amer. 79. 1884. Type. U.S.A., Florida, Austin Musci Appalachiani 470, Smith s.n. (MO).

Dicranum tuerckheimii C. Müll., Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 186. 1897. Campylopodium tuerckheimii (C. Müll..) Broth., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 312. 1901. Type. Guatemala, Alta Verapaz, Cobán, Türckheim 6652 (NY).

Campylopus sargii Röll ex Ren. & Card., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 38(1): 8. 1900. Type. Costa Rica, Juan Vinas, Sarg (NY, US).

Plants small, tufted, green to yellow-green; stems variably tomentose, 1.0–3.0 cm long. Leaves 2.5–6.0 mm long, erect at base, flexuous above when dry, concave, lanceolate-subulate; apex long subulate; margins with a few teeth at the extreme apex or serrulate above, not bordered by elongated cells; costa shortly excurrent, 1/3–1/2 the leaf width, smooth or lightly ribbed at back, in cross section guide cells well developed, dorsal stereids present, ventral hyalocysts smaller than or a little larger than the guide cells; median and upper leaf cells quadrate to rectangular, thick-walled, not porose; basal leaf cells firm- or lax-walled, inner basal cells near costa enlarged, quadrate to shortly rectangular, contrasting strongly with the shorter, quadrate, outer basal cells; alar cells poorly developed, hyaline to light brown, frequently fugacious. Setae 7–10 mm long, deep red or yellow; capsules erect, striate when dry, 1.0–1.5 mm long; peristome teeth dark red below, hyaline above, dorsal lamellae with prominent vertical bars below, papillose above, ventral lamellae papillose, teeth split 1/3–2/3 their lengths; opercula shortly rostrate, 1.0 mm long. Calyptrae 1.5 mm long, variously fringed at base, at times fringed and unfringed in same collection.