4. Oncophorus wahlenbergii Brid. 曲背藓 qu-bei xian
Bryol. Univ. 1: 400. 1826. Cynodontium wahlenbergii (Brid.) Hartm., Handb. Skand. Fl. (ed. 10), 2: 113. 1871. Dicranella wahlenbergii (Brid.) Lindb., Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 10: 243. 1872. Dicranum virens Hedw. var. wahlenbergii (Brid.) Hüb., Musc. Germ. 231. 1833. Dicranum wahlenbergii (Brid.) Schultz., Syll. Pl. Nov. 2: 149. 1828. Type. Norway: Lapland, Wahlenbergii s.n.
Oncophorus wahlenbergii var. japonicus Nog., Jap. Bot. 15: 756. 1939.
Oncophorus wahlenbergii var. longisetus Nog., Jap. Bot. 15: 756. 1939.
Oncophorus sinensis C. Müll., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. s. 3: 99. 1896. Type. China: Shaanxi, Kuan tou san, Levier s.n. (holotype B, probably destroyed).
Plants small to large, 1–5 cm high, yellowish green above, blackish brown below, somewhat shiny, in dense tufts. Stems erect or ascending, usually branched, round in transverse section. Leaves up to 7(–8) mm long, lanceolate from a narrowly obovate, clasping and sheathing base, shoulder distinct, abruptly narrowed to a long, subtubulose or subulate apex, strongly crispate and curled when dry, widely spreading when moist; margins plane or slightly recurved in the upper part, entire below, irregularly and remotely serrulate above the shoulder, usually bistratose above; costa narrow, reddish brown, percurrent to shortly excurrent, somewhat roughened at back above; upper cells small, quadrate or short-rectangular, thick-walled; basal cells in the sheathing base, rectangular to linear-rectangular, 45–75 µm × 14–22 µm, pellucid, firm- to somewhat thick-walled; alar cells not differentiated. Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves erect with longer sheathing base than the stem leaves. Setae terminal, straight, 1–3 cm long, brownish; capsules short-cylindric, contracted below the mouth, strongly inclined to horizontal, slightly furrowed when dry and empty; peristome teeth reddish brown, dicranoid. Spores not seen.