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(Last Modified On 5/21/2013)
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(Last Modified On 5/21/2013)
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Species
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Callichlamys latifolia (L. C. Rich.) K. Schum.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. 4 (3b): 223. 1894.
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Synonym
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Bignonia latifolia L. C. Rich., Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 110. 1792. TYPE: French Guiana, Rio Kourou, Le Blond s.n. (P). Bignonia hondensis H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. P1. 3: 135. 1819. TYPE: Colombia, Honda, Humboldt & Bonpland 1706 (P). Tabebuia latifolia (L. C. Rich.) DC., Rev. Bign. (Bibl. Univ. Geneve) 15. 1838. Delostoma latifolia (L. C. Rich.) Splitg., Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 9: 11. 1842. Callichlamys riparia Miq., Linnaea 18: 254, 609. 1844. TYPE: Based on Bignonia latifolia L. C. Rich. Bignonia crucifera Bert. ex DC., Prodr. 9: 213. 1845, pro syn. Tabebuia rufinervis DC., Prodr. 9: 213. 1845. SYNTYPES: Colombia, Santa Marta, Bertero s.n. (G-DC, M); British Guiana, Schomburgk 575 (F, G-DC); Brazil, Para, Sieber s.n. (not seen); Rio de Janeiro, Luschnath s.n. (not seen). T.? mansoana DC., Prodr. 9: 214. 1845. TYPE: Brazil, Cujaba, Manso s.n. (G-DC). Lundia schomburgkii Kl. in Schomburgk, Reisen 2: 1158. 1848, nomen nudum. Callichlamys rufinervis (DC.) Miers, Proc. Roy. Hoit. Soc. 3: 201. 1863. Callichlamys rubiginosa Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. 3: 201. 1863, nomen nudum. TYPE: Brazil, Organ Mountains, Miers s.n. (not seen). Callichlamys splendida Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc.- 3: ,201, nomen nudum. TYPE: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Cunningham s.n. (not seen). Callichlamys peckoltii Bur. ex K. Schum. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. 4(3b): 223, fig. 88M-N. 1894. SYNTYPES: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Peckolt 533 (BR); Peckolt 592 (not seen). Tabebuia speciosa Standl., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 49. 1930. TYPE: British Honduras, Middlesex, Schipp S-51 (F). Callichlamys garnieri Standl. & L. 0. Wms., Ceiba 3: 130. 1952. TYPE: Nicaragua, Managua, Garnier 130 (F).
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Description
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Liana to 7.5 cm in diameter, the bark light gray, smooth with scattered raised whitish lenticels; stem with 4 phloem arms in cross section; twigs sub- terete, light gray with large, widely scattered raised lenticels, the nodes without interpetiolar glandular fields, interpetiolar ridges, or noticeable pseudostipules. Leaves 3-foliolate or 2-foliolate with a tendril or an inconspicuous tendril scar; leaflets elliptic, acuminate, broadly cuneate to rounded, membranaceous to chartaceous, secondary veins 5-9 on a side, minutely papillose above and beneath with scattered lepidote scales, these sometimes deciduous above, pu- bescent beneath in the axils of lateral nerves, usually subpuberulous on main veins with simple and stellate trichomes, sometimes conspicuously dendroid
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Habit
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Liana
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Description
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pubescent on the undersurface, with plate-shaped glands along the midvein, mostly in axils of the lateral nerves, drying green to olive with the main nerves yellowish or contrastingly reddish, the terminal leaflet 9.5-37 cm long and 4.2-22 cm wide, the lateral leaflets 7-31 cm long; and 3.4-18 cm wide; terminal petiolule 1.8-9.5 cm long, lateral petiolules 1.1-4.8 cm long, petiole 2.5-18 cm long, glabrous to minutely scabrous as the petiolules; tendril simple 9-20 cm long. Inflorescence a short terminal or axillary, 1-12-flowered raceme, the pedicels 1-1.5 cm long, each with 2 narrow bracts, the rachis to 8 cm long, the rachis and pedicels sparsely stellate-puberulent. Flowers with an inconspicuous sweet- ish musky odor, calyx large, yellow when fresh, spongy, inflated-campanulate, more or less bilabiate, mostly glabrous with scattered plate-shaped glands, sparsely and inconspicuously thick-stellate and/or simple puberulent near the base, or rarely conspicuously stellate pubescent, 2.2-6.0 cm long and 1.2-4.2 cm wide; corolla bright yellow with red penciling in the throat (13 lines), tubular- campanulate, 5.5-11 cm long and 1.3-2.8 cm wide at the mouth, the tube 4.5-7.5 cm long, the lobes 1.2-3.2 cm long; sparsely and inconspicuously lepidote inside and out, glandular-pubescent inside from the level of stamen insertion to the top of the enlarged base; stamens didynamous, the anther thecae divaricate, 2-3 mm long, the filaments abruptly narrowed for the apical 2 mm, the longer pair 2.5-3.8 cm long, the shorter pair 1.5-2.3 cm long, the staminode 0.6-1.1 mm long, inserted 1.2-2.0 cm from base of corolla tube; pistil 5.2-5.7 cm long, the ovary ovate-cylindric, 3-4 mm long and 2.5-3.5 mm wide, narrowed slightly at the base, essentially glabrous, the ovules 8-seriate in each locule; disc annular- pulvinate, 2 mm long and 6-7 mm wide. Capsule oblong or elliptic-oblong, obtuse at the ends, the valves woody, flattened, 24-32 cm long and 6.0-11.5 cm wide, the surface smooth, glabrous with a wrinkled epidermis, drying blackish with scattered lighter inconspicuous lenticellate spots; seeds 2.5-4.3 cm long and 6.7-13 cm wide, the wings brown, thinly woody at the base to submem- branaceous at the tips, not distinct from the seed body.
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Note
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Widespread in tropical moist forest and tropical wet forest, but seldom abundant, this plant ranges from Mexico to Brazil, flowering mostly toward the end of the wet season in October and November but sporadically throughout the year. The plant is characterized by large leaflets which have conspicuous tufts of dendroid trichomes in the axils of the lateral nerves beneath. The smooth gray bark, with whitish lenticels is another field character. On drying, the leaves can usually be recognized by the red-drying main veins. The large flat fruit is almost unmistakable. A second species of Callichlamys, C. garnieri Standl. and L. 0. Wms., has recently been described from Nicaragua. This is known only from the type and was differentiated from C. latifolia mainly on the basis of a larger flower and strongly pubescent leaves and calyx. It is a pubescent variant of C. latifolia. Another pubescent variant was described by De Candolle as Tabebuia mansoana.
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Distribution
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ranges from Mexico to Brazil,
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Mountains above Almirante, Gentry 2734, 2812 (both MO). CANAL ZONE: Barro Colorado Island, Aviles 16B (F, MO); Croat 6819 (MO, NY, SCZ), 6835 (MO), 6854A (MO, NY, SCZ), 8058 (MO, NY, SCZ); Foster 1383 (MO, PMA); Shattuck 361 (F, MO). Near Rio Gatuncillo, Allen 5137 (MO). S of Pedro Miguel Locks, Croat 9173 (MO, SCZ). Madden Lake, Gentry 702 (F, MO), 703 (MO). Madden Forest, Gentry 1383 (MO). Pipeline Road, Gentry 1581 (MO). Road K-19, Gentry 1777 (MO, SCZ). Road K-10, Gentry 1896 (MO, SCZ). Boy Scout Road near Madden Lake, Gentry 2073 (MO). Empire Station, Panama Railroad, Hayes 248 (BM, K, P, W). N of Paraiso, Lazor & Blum 5319 (SCZ). Near Contractor's Hill, Lewis et al. 2880 (MO, NY, SCZ). COLON: Santa Rita Ridge, Dressler 3513 (PMA); Gentry 461 (MO). DARIEN: Rio Balsas above Rio Areti, Duke 8710 (MO). S of Jaque', Gentry 4106 (MO). Above Rio Clarita on Rio Tuira, Gentry 4322 (MO). Rio Tuira near Rio Paya, Gentry 3378 (MO). Rio Tuira between Rios Paya and Espave, Gentry 4421 (MO). Summit of Cerro Pirre, Gentry 4617 (MO). PANAMA: Near Vigia and San Juan on Rio Pequeni, Dodge et al. 16519 (BM, C, K, MO, P, U). Dam site at Rio Bayano, Gentry & Tyson 1662 (MO). Rio Pasiga, Gentry 2200, 2258, 2309, 2337 (all MO). Rio Maestro, Gentry 2212, 2215 (both MO). Near Rio Parti, Gentry 3800 (MO). Rio Bayano above Rio Espave, Gentry 3850 (MO). San Jose Island, Johnston 508 (GH), 1161 (BM, GH, MO, P, U, US). Agricultural Experiment Station at Matias Hernaindez, Pittier 6861 (BM, F, GH, MO, NY, US). SAN BLAS: Mountains above Puerto Obaldia, Gentry 1502 (MO). VERAGUAS: Above Santa Fe, Gentry 3024 (MO).
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