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(Last Modified On 5/21/2013)
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(Last Modified On 5/21/2013)
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Species
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Cydista aequinoctialis (L.) Miers
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PlaceOfPublication
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Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. 3: 191. 1863.
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Synonym
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Bignonia aequinoctalis L., Sp. P1., ed. 1. 2: 623. 1753. TYPE: (not seen). Bignonia spectabilis Vahl, Symb. Bot. 80. 1794. TYPE: collector unknown "ex India" (C, P-JU). Bignonia villosa Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 44. 1798, pro parte. TYPE: Colombia, Santa Marta, Von Rohr 21 (C, flower only). Bignonia picta H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. P1. 3: 136. 1819. TYPE: Venezuela, Orinoco, Humboldt & Bonpland 1078 (P). Bignonia hostmannii E. Meyer, Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 12: 779. 1825. TYPE: Martinique, Sieber s.n. (M, W). Bignonia variabilis Sieber ex E. Meyer, Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 12: 779. 1825, pro syn., non Jacq. Bignonia sarmentosa Bertol., Fl. Guatimal. 25. 1840. TYPE: Guatemala, Escuintla, Velasquez s.n. (BOLO, fide Sandw.). Bignonia incarnata Aubl. sec. Splitg., Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 9: 7. 1842, non Aubl. Bignonia sarmentosa Bertol. var. hirtella Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 128. 1844. TYPE: Nicaragua, Realejo, Hinds s.n. (K). Bignonia nitidissima DC., Prodr. 9: 160. 1845. TYPE: Venezuela, Caracas, Vargas 244 (G-DC). Temnocydia aequinoctialis (L.) Mart. ex DC., Prodr. 9: 155. 1845, pro syn. Temnocydia spectabilis (Vahl) Mart. ex DC., Prodr. 9: 155. 1845, pro syn. Cydista amoena Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. 3: 191. 1863. TYPE: San Domingo [Hispaniola?], Jussieu s.n. (not seen, fide Knuth, Fedde Repert. Beih. 43: 636. 1928). Cydista incarnata sensu Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. 3: 191. 1863, non Aubl. Cydista sarmentosa (Bertol.) Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. 3: 191. 1863. Cydista seemannii Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. 3: 192. 1863, nomen nudum. TYPE: Panama, Seemann 397 (BM). Cydista spectabilis (Vahl) Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. 3: 191. 1863. Levya nicaraguensis Bur. ex Baill., Hist. P1. 10: 29. 1888. TYPE: Nicaragua, Levy 38 (F, fragments; K, fragments; P). Arrabidaea guatemalensis K. Schum. & Loes., Bot, Jahrb. Syst. 23: 129. 1896. TYPE: Guate- mala, Bernoulli & Cario 2056 (K). Arrabidaea pseudochica Krdnzl., Fedde Repert. 17: 19. 1921. TYPE: Mexico, El Platano, Langlasse 137 (K). Anemopaegma tonduzianum Kranzl., Fedde Repert. 17: 116. 1921. TYPE: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Tonduz 13912 (K, P). . Cydista pubescens Blake, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 24: 23. 1922. TYPE: Honduras, Copain, Pittier 8488 (US). Arrabidaea isthmica Standl., Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. 15: 461. 1925, pro parte. TYPE: Panama, Canal Zone, Pittier 2576 (leaves only) (US, holotype; GH, MO, NY, isotypes).
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Description
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Liana to at least 8 cm in diameter, the bark gray to brownish gray, fibrous with longitudinal striation; stem with 8 phloem arms in cross section; branchlets subtetragonal to strongly tetragonal, usually drying dark, glabrous to pubescent, the nodes without interpetiolar glandular fields, sometimes with a ridge between opposite petioles; pseudostipules usually lacking or inconspicuous, occasionally thick-foliaceous but early deciduous on young twigs. Leaves 2-foliolate, some- times with a tendril; leaflets more or less ovate, acuminate to obtuse, broadly cuneate to truncate, 5.4-16.2 cm long and 2.2-9.2 cm wide, membranaceous to chartaceous, secondary veins (3-)4-7(-8), lepidote above and beneath, variously pubescent with simple trichomes, especially along main veins beneath and with glandular fields in the axils of many secondary nerves, drying olive to brownish olive or reddish, shiny; tendril simple, 4-21 cm long; petiolules and petioles lepidote to pubescent, the petiole apex normally puberulent even in otherwise glabrous leaves, 0.8-3.9 cm long, petiole 0.9-4.5 cm long. Inflorescence a termi- nal or axillary panicle, its branches lepidote to simple pubescent. Flowers sweetly aromatic, calyx cupular, truncate to weakly 5-lobed or bilabiate, 4-10 cm long and 4-9 cm wide, lepidote to simple pubescent, sometimes with glands; corolla white or lavender with 13 maroon lines at the base of the lobes, 3 extending into the upper throat, the throat opening yellow, tubular-campanulate, 2.5-7.6 cm long and 0.6-2.2 cm wide at the mouth, the tube 1.9-5 cm long, lobes 0.6-2.6 cm long, glandular lepidote outside, inside simple puberulous with short, thick, 1-3- celled trichomes on the lobes, sparsely glandular-lepidote on the tube and simple- pubescent with multicellular trichomes from the level of stamen insertion to the base of the corolla tube; stamens didynamous, the anther thecae divaricate, 3-4 mm long, the longer filaments 1.1-1.7 cm long, the shorter filaments 0.7-1.4 cm long, the staminode 3.5 mm long, inserted 4-5 mm from the base of the corolla tube; pistil 1.6-3.2 cm long, the ovary narrowly cylindrical, 2-3 mm long and 1 mm wide, lepidote, the ovules 2-seriate in each locule; disc obsolete. Capsule linear, round-tipped, flattened, 21-43 cm long and 1.4-2.4 cm wide, the margins rounded, slightly raised, the surface longitudinally finely wrinkled, lepidote, drying blackish; seeds 1.6-1.9 cm long and 5.0-7.3 cm wide, the wings mem- branaceous, brown, not demarcated from the seed body.
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Habit
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Liana
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Note
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Most abundant in tropical moist forest where it is one of the commonest species of Bignoniaceae, C. aequinoctialis also occurs in tropical dry forest and premontane moist forest. It is a highly polymorphic and widespread species which ranges from Mexico and the West Indies to Brazil. It flowers and fruits throughout the year.
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Distribution
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ranges from Mexico and the West Indies to Brazil.
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Note
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Field characteristics include the more or less tetragonal twigs, glandular fields in the axils of most main lateral nerves beneath, lack of pseudostipules (except occasionally on very young and actively growing branches), and more or less ovate leaflets (not strictly elliptic as in Clytostoma). The pubescent-leaved form often referred to as C. sarmentosa or C. pubescens should be known as C. aequinoctialis var. hirtella (Benth.) A. Gentry.
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: SW of Bocas at Macaw Hills, von Wedel 554 (MO). Fish Creek low- lands, von Wedel 2388 (GH, MO, US). Fish Creek hills, von Wedel 2415, 2449 (both GH, MO, US), 2451 (CGH, US). Isla Colon, von Wedel 2827 (CGH, MO, US). CANAL ZONE: Barro Colorado Island, Aviles X-1, X-8 (both F, MO); Bailey & Bailey 132, 610 (both F); Bangham 422 (A), 605 (A, F); Blum & Dwyer 2130 (MO, SCZ); Croat 4764 (MO), 5119, 5162, 5208 (all MO, SCZ), 5439 (MO), 5589, 5611 (both MO, SCZ), 5700, 6143 (both MO), 6155, 6169 (both MO, SCZ), 7176 (MO), 8310, 8552 (both MO, NY, SCZ), 8755, 9514, 9566 (all MO, SCZ), 10324 (MO), 11097 (MO, SCZ), 11610 (MO), 12268 (NY), 12645, 12957 (both MO), 13487 (MO, SCZ); Dodge 3507 (GH, US); Ebinger 288 (MO, US); Foster 933 (PMA); Hayden 20 (MO); Kenoyer 533 (US); Knight 69-87 (MO, SCZ); Shattuck 784 (F), 1040, 1147 (both F, MO). Mojinga swamp near mouth of Rio Chagres, Allen 858 (F, GH, K, MO, NY, US). Near Gamboa, Allen 1964 (F, GH, MO, NY, US). Near Madden Dam, Alston 8865, pro parte (BM), 8865 (K). Between Mt. Hope and Santa Rita trail, Cowell 78 (NY). Mindi, Cowell 189 (NY). Summit Garden, Croat 12796 (MO). Near beach at Ft. Kobbe, Duke 4696 (MO). Road C-21, Duke 5777 (MO). France Field U. S. Army Tropic Test Mine Emplacement, Dwyer 8528 (MO). Pipeline Road, Gentry 1583 (MO). Near Venado beach, Gentry 1604 (MO). Boy Scout road near Madden Lake, Gentry 2055 (MO). Pipeline Road, Gentry & Dwyer 3390 (MO). Near Margarita, Gentry & Dwyer 4327 (MO). Road to Galeta Lab, Gentry & Tyson 4854 (MO). Near Gatuln, Goldman 1861 (US). Panama Station, Panama Railroad, Hayes 412, pro parte (BM, K). Gatuin, Hayes 587, 590 (both NY). Mt. Hope, Heriberto 40 (US). Summit Gardens, Higgins 203, 207 (both MO, US). Road C-10, Lazor 5460 (SCZ). Near Fort Randolph, Maxon & Harvey 6533 (US). Along Rio Indio de Gatuin, Pittier 2773 (BM, GH, NY, US). Las Sabanas, Pittier 6762, pro parte (BM, F, GH, MO, NY, US). Near Fort Randolph, Standley 28628, 28642 (both US). Vicinity of Fort Sherman, Standley 31183 (MO, US). Near Curundu, Tyson 1089 (MO, SCZ). CHIRIQUI: West of San Bartolo Limite near Costa Rican border, Croat 22192, 22159 (MO). Vicinity of Puerto Armuelles, Woodson & Schery 811A (MO). COCLE: Vicinity of El Valle de Anton, Allen 1780 (F, GH, MO, NY, US), 2503 (US); Bro. Paul s.n. (US). Vicinity of Penonome, Williams 228 (NY, US). COLON: Miguel de la Borda, Croat 9846 (MO). Nuevo Chagres, Lewis et al. 1865 (GH, MO). Near Fort San Lorenzo, Quistgaard 58 (PMA). Without locality, Carrasquilla & Taymes 140. (MO). DARIEN: 1-5 mi. down- stream from El Real, Duke 4922 (MO). Along Rio Pirre, Duke 4978 (GH, MO, US). Along Rio Chucunaque between El Real and Rio Canalones, Duke 4989 (GH, MO). Santa Fe, Duke 14256 (K, MO). Punto Sabanas opposite La Palma, Gentry 3957 (MO). S of Jaque, Gentry 4116 (MO). Rio Tuira between Rios Paya and Aspave, Gentry 4410 (MO). El Real, Gentry 4564, 4580 (both MO); Stern et al. 755 (GH, MO, US). Rio Chucunaque above confluence with Rio Tuquesa, Stern et al. 882 (GH, K, MO, US). HERRERA: E of Las Minas, Gentry 3138, 3144 (MO). S of Los Pozos, Tyson 2683 (MO, SCZ). LOS SANTOS: Punta Mala, D'Arcy & Croat 4215 (MO). PANAMA: Vicinity of Bejuco, Allen 2458 (US). Cerro Campana, Allen 2641 (MO). Vicinity of La Chorrera, Allen 3646 (GH, MO, NY). Cerca de Rio Tapia como 2 km de la carretera de Tocumen, Correa & Escobar 1788 (MO). Between Capira and Chorrera, Dodge 10715 (F, GH, MO). Between El Llano and Rio Mamoni, Duke 5531 (MO, US). Tocumen Agronomy School Farm, Dwyer 4045 (MO, US), 5130 (MO). San Jose Island, Erlanson 485 (GH, NY, US). Along road to Chepo, Garner 4 (MO). Between El Llano and Caiiitas, Gentry 1414 (MO). Mouth of Rio Pasiga, Gentry 2198 (MO). Rio Pasiga, Gentry 2267 (MO). Rio Agua Clara, Gentry 2629 (MO). Near Rio Espave, Gentry 3711 (MO). 0-4 mi. from Rio Bayano crossing on road to Santa Fe, Gentry 3859 (MO). W of Chepo, Gentry 4970 (MO); Gentry & Tyson 1642 (MO). Dam site on Rio Bayano, Gentry & Tyson 1663D (MO). Las Sabanas, Paul 236 (US). Near Panama City, Seemann 397 (K). Taboga Island, Standley 27944 (US). Vicinity of Campana, Woodson et al. 1309 (A, MO, NY). Between Pacora and Chepo, Woodson et al. 1651 (A, MO, NY). Vicinity of Campana, Woodson et al. 1679 (A, MO, NY). This content downloaded from 192.104.39.2 on Tue, 14 May 2013 16:10:35 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions1973] GENTRY-FLORA OF PANAMA (Family 172. Bignoniaceae) 839 SAN BLAS: Mountains above Puerto Obaldia, Gentry 1477 (MO). Outskirts of Puerto Obaldia, Gentry 1570 (MO). VERAGUAS: Santiago, Dwyer & Kirkbride 7438 (MO). Coiba Island, Seemann 602 (K). Island off Veraguas, Sinclair s.n. (K). Between Sonat and Santiago, Woodson et al. 1196 (A, K, MO, NY). Without locality, Hinds s.n. (K). WITHOUT LOCALITY: Duchaissaing s.n. (K); Duke 12268 (MO).
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