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(Last Modified On 5/22/2013)
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(Last Modified On 5/22/2013)
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Species
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Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex H.B.K
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PlaceOfPublication
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Nov. Gen. Sp. P1. 3: 144. 1819
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Synonym
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Bignonia stans L., Sp. P1., ed. 2. 2: 871. 1763. TYPE: (not seen). Tecoma mollis H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. P1. 3: 144. 1819. TYPE: Mexico, Guanaxuato, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (P). Tecoma incisa Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 1. 284. 1827, nomen nudum. TYPE: Trinidad (not seen). Bignonia frutescens Mill. ex DC., Prodr. 9: 224. 1845, pro syn. Bignonia incisa Hort. ex DC., Prodr. 9: 224. 1845, pro syn. Tecoma stans var. apiifolia Hort. ex DC., Prodr. 9: 224. 1845. TYPE: Guadeloupe, Bertero s.n. (G-DC). T. stans var. velutina DC., Prodr. 9: 224. 1845. SYNTYPES: Cultivated in Hort. Madrid, from Mexico (G-DC); cultivated in Jard. Sarme (G-DC). Stenolobium molle (H.B.K.) Seem., Jour. Bot. 1: 91. 1863. Stenolobium stans (L.) Seem., Jour. Bot. 1: 88. 1863. Stenolobium stans var. pinnata Seem., Jour. Bot. 1: 89. 1863. TYPE: Panama, Seemann 558 (BM). Stenolobium stans var. apiifolium (DC.) Seem., Jour. Bot. 1: 89. 1863. Gelseminum molle (H.B.K.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 480. 1891. Gelseminum stans (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 479. 1891. Stenolobium incisum Rose & Standl., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 26: 174. 1913. TYPE: Mexico, Chihuahua, Pringle 960 (US). Tecoma stans var. angustatum Rehder, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1915: 227. 1915. TYPE: United States, Texas, El Paso, Jones 4187 (A). Stenolobium quinquejugum Loes., Fedde Repert. 16: 211. 1919. TYPE: Mexico, El Calabaral, Langlasse 478 (K). Stenolobium tronadora Loes., Fedde Repert. 16: 210. 1919. LECTOTYPE: Mexico, Durango, Palmer 131 (MO).
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Description
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Shrub or small tree to 10 m tall and 25 cm d.b.h., the bark dark and ridged; twigs lepidote and irregularly subpuberulent, more or less terete, drying dark brown when young, light brown when mature. Leaves (in Panama) impari- pinnately compound, 3-9-foliolate, the first pair of leaves on a new branch This content downloaded from 192.104.39.2 on Tue, 14 May 2013 16:10:35 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions960 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [VOL. 60 often simple or 1-foliolate, the leaflets opposite, serrate, lanceolate, apically acute, basally cuneate, the terminal leaflet often attenuate, 2.4-15 cm long and 0.8-6 cm wide, progressively larger distally, somewhat lepidote above and beneath, simple puberulous on the midvein above and beneath, often puberulous beneath at the base of the secondary nerves and sometimes on the leaf surface, espe- cially in the vein axils; petiolules of the lateral leaflets lacking or to 2 mm long, the terminal leaflet 4-20 mm long; petiole 1-9 cm long, rachis lacking (in 3-foliolate leaves), to 8 cm long, petiole and rachis slightly lepidote, puberulous at the leaflet bases. Inflorescence a terminal or subterminal raceme of to 20 flowers, only a few flowers opening at a time; pedicels and inflorescence rachis lepidote. Flowers fragrant with a sweet odor similar to vanilla; calyx elongate- cupular, evenly 5-dentate, the teeth ca. 1 mm long and usually apiculate, 3-7 mm long and 3-4 mm wide, somewhat lepidote throughout, ciliate with con- spicuous sunken submarginal glands; corolla yellow with 7 reddish lines in the throat, 2 additional fainter red lines on top of throat ridges and a short faint line at the base of the 2 upper lobes, tubular-campanulate above a narrowed base 0.9-1.0 cm long, 3.5-5.8 cm long and 1.2-2.4 cm wide at the mouth, the tube 3.0-4.3 cm long, the lobes 1.0-1.6 cm long, glabrous outside with a glandu- lar epidermis, inside glabrous except for gland-tipped trichomes at the level of stamen insertion and twisted trichomes in sinuses and on throat ridges; stamens didynamous, the anther thecae divaricate, 3.5 mm long, pubescent with twisted, simple, multicellular trichomes, the longer filaments 2.1-2.4 cm long, shorter filaments 1.5-1.8 cm long, the staminode 4-5 mm long, inserted 8-9 mm from the base of the tube; pistil 3.1-3.4 cm long, ovary narrowly cylindric, 3 mm long and 1 mm wide, glandular-lepidote, the ovules 2-seriate in each locule; disc cupular-pulvinate, 1 mm long and 1 mm wide. Capsule linear, tapering at the ends, subterete when fresh, 7-21 cm long and 5-7 mm wide, surface lenticellate, more or less glabrous, sometimes slightly and incon- spicuously lepidote; seeds 3-5 mm long and 2.4-2.7 cm wide, wings hyaline- membranaceous, sharply demarcated from the seed body.
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Habit
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Shrub or small tree
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Note
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A characteristic plant of the premontane moist forest and also occurring sparsely and locally in drier parts of the tropical moist forest, T. stans is culti- vated frequently throughout the tropics and subtropics. Extremely wide- ranging, it occurs naturally from southern Florida and southern Arizona through the West Indies and Central America to northern Argentina. This species flowers mostly during the early dry season from December to February, also producing a few sporadic flowers throughout the year. Fruit is produced mostly in the dry season. Numerous varieties of this phenotypically plastic species have been named. In Panama and Costa Rica the populations are relatively homogeneous, and it is best to treat the plant as a single species without designation of varieties.
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Distribution
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from southern Florida and southern Arizona through the West Indies and Central America to northern Argentina.
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Specimen
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CANAL ZONE: Fort Kobbe, Allen 2019 (GH, MO, US). Along K-2 N of Cocoli, Croat 9171 (MO, SCZ). Culebra Island, Duke 4633 (MO, US), 4634 (MO). Madden Dam, Dwyer 3060 (MO). Summit of Cerro Luisa, Gentry 1402 (MO). Below Sosa Hill, Gentry 2895 (MO). Farfan beach road, Gentry & Dwyer 3547 (MO). SE of junction of K-2 with K-15 on K-2, Graham 315 (GH). Between Farfan Beach and Palo Seco, Hunter & Allen 442 (MO, This content downloaded from 192.104.39.2 on Tue, 14 May 2013 16:10:35 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions1973] GENTRY-FLORA OF PANAMA (Family 172. Bignoniaceae) 961 U, US); Lewis et al. 55 (GH, MO). Bella Vista, Salvoza 1009 (A). Balboa, Standley 30906 (US). Farfan Beach area, Tyson 1813 (MO, SCZ). Fort Amador on causeway and islands, Tyson 2021 (MO, SCZ). Ancon below MARU research labs, Tyson 2798 (MO, SCZ, US). La Boca, Williams 618 (US). Fort Grant, Woodson et al. 1552 (A, MO). CHIRIQUi: Boquete, Sanchez 9 (MO, PMA). COCLEJ: Santa Clara Beach, D'Arcy & Croat 4096 (MO, SCZ); Woodson et al. 1704 (A, MO). COLON: Santa Rita Trail, Cowell 107 (US). 2 km de la carretera Transistmica, a mas o menos 1500 m del Rio Chagres, Rosas 31 (MO). DARIEN: Vicinity of Vera Cruz, Duke 6062 (MO, SCZ). Isla Rosero in Golfo de San Miguel, Gentry 3983 (MO). Second large point just before Punta Alegre NE of Garachine, Gentry 4057 (MO). LOS SANTOS: Playa de La Concepcion, Burch et al. 1259 (GH, MO, PMA, SCZ). Pedasi, Dwyer 2488 (MO). Road from Macaracas to Chitre, Tyson et al. 3152 (MO, SCZ). PANAMA: Ruins of Franciscan Convent, Celestine, 31 (US). Perlas Islands, San Jose Island, Correa 99 (SCZ); Duke 12527 (MO); Erlanson 75 (GH, US), 126 (GH); Johnston 547 (GH, MO); Tyson & Loftin 5054 (CRU, MO, SCZ). Perlas Islands, Isla del Rey, Duke 9554 (MO). Perlas Islands, Isla Espiritu Santo, Duke 10443 (MO). Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad de Panama', Escobar 27 (PMA). Vera Cruz, Lewis et al. 3007 (MO, SCZ). Vicinity of Panamai, MacBride 2622 (US). Cerca de la Costa, Mejia 10 (MO, PMA). Bella Vista, Standley 25402 (A, US). In Chorrera, Tyson 5935 (SCZ). WITHOUT LOCALITY: Cuming 1096 (BM); Seemann 558 (BM).
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