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(Last Modified On 5/21/2013)
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(Last Modified On 5/21/2013)
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Species
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Arrabidaea candicans (L. C. Rich.) DC.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Prodr. 9: 185. 1845.
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Synonym
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Bignonia candicans L. C. Rich., Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 110. 1792. TYPE: French Guiana, LeBlond s.n. (P). Bignonia colorata Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Bot. Suppl. 1: 634. 1800. TYPE: French Guiana, ex herb. Poiret (P). Arrabidaea candicans var. latifolia DC., Prodr. 9: 186. 1845. TYPE: French Guiana, Perrottet s.n. (BM, P). Arrabidaea orbignyana DC., Prodr. 9: 184. 1845. TYPE: Bolivia, Santa Cruz, d'Orbigny 1135 (P). Arrabidaea subincana DC. sec. Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 180. 1854, non DC. Arrabidaea pruinosa K1. ex Bur. & K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 8(2): 57. 1896. TYPE: British Guiana, Schomburgk 433 (not seen). Arrabidaea schomburgkii KI. ex Bur. & K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 8(2): 58. 1896. TYPE: British Guiana, Schomburgk 1332 (K). Arrabidaea pachycalyx Sprague, Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2. 6: 373. 1906. LECTOTYPE: Colombia, Mag- dalena, H. H. Smith 744 (BM, BR, GH, K, MO, NY, P, US). Arrabidaea rhodothyrsus Kranzl., Fedde Repert. 17: 20. 1921. TYPE: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Tonduz 13643 (BM, F, GH, K, NY, US). Arrabidaea calodictyos Sprague, Kew Bull. 1927: 358. 1927. TYPE: Venezuela, Distrito Federal, Pittier 11883 (K). Arrabidaea zulianensis Pittier, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. 18: 341. 1928. TYPE: Venezuela, Zulia, Pittier 10992 (US, VEN).
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Description
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Liana to 7 cm in diameter, the bark yellowish to pale gray, smooth, 4-furrowed in age; stem with 4 phloem arms in cross section; branchlets subterete with raised warty lenticels, minutely puberulous when young, soon glabrate, interpetiolar glandular fields conspicuous; pseudostipules lacking. Leaves 3-foliolate or 2- foliolate with a tendril or tendril scar; leaflets ? ovate, membranaceous to char- taceous, secondary veins (4-)5-6(-9) on a side, above glabrate, minutely pu- berulous at the base of the midvein, drying grayish-brown to reddish-brown, beneath densely white puberulous, less so on the main veins, the short simple trichomes completely covering the surface, drying whitish from the pubescence with contrasting darker main veins, the terminal leaflet acuminate to subretuse, broadly cuneate to truncate, 6.2-15.5 cm long and 4.2-9.1 cm wide; the lateral leaflets acute to retuse, broadly cuneate to asymmetrically subcordate, 5.8-14.8 cm long and 3.6-10.7 cm wide; the terminal petiolule 1.0-3.3 cm long, the lateral petiolules 0.8-3.2 cm long, the petiole 1.6-6.1 cm long, minutely puberulous as the petiolules; tendril simple, 11-21 cm long. Inflorescence a terminal or axillary panicle, its branches puberulous. Flowers with a sweet aroma, calyx cupular, simple puberulous and lepidote, mostly with some glands, truncate to minutely subdenticulate, 3-6 mm long and 2-4 mm wide; corolla magenta with white throat, tubular-campanulate, 2.2-4.0 cm long and 0.8-1.4 cm wide at the mouth of tube, the tube 1.4-2.7 cm long, the lobes 0.4-1.0 cm long, moniliform pubescent outside and on lobes inside, the tube mostly glabrous, sparsely pubescent in the floor of throat with several-celled simple or rarely forked trichomes, and at the level of stamen insertion with long simple gland-tipped trichomes; stamens didynamous, inserted 5-6 mm from base of corolla tube, the anther thecae divaricate, 2-2.5 mm long, the longer filaments 1.5-1.6 cm long, the shorter filaments 1.1-1.4 cm long, the staminode 4-6 mm long; pistil 1.7-1.8 cm long, the ovary linear oblong, 2-2.5 mm long and 0.5-1.0 mm wide, finely lepidote, the ovules 2-seriate; disc cupular- pulvinate, ca. 1 mm long and 1 mm wide. Capsule linear, acuminate, flattened, 12-35 cm long and 0.8-1.3 cm wide, the surface slightly warty and with lepidote glands, the midrib and margins slightly raised; seeds 0.6-1.0 cm long and 2.0-3.4 cm wide, the wings hyaline-membranaceous, sharply demarcated from the seed body.
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Habit
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Liana
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Note
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A common liana typical of the tropical moist forest, A. candicans occurs also sporadically in the tropical wet forest and pre-montane wet and moist forest. It ranges from southern Mexico to Brazil. This species flowers during the early dry
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Distribution
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ranges from southern Mexico to Brazil.
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Note
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season from November through February. The fruits mature and seeds are re- leased in the late dry season. The whitish pubescence of the leaf undersurface of this species is its best recognition mark. When dry the main veins are darker than the more pubescent ground surface in contrast to A. pubescens, which has veins and undersurface equally pubescent, with a more tannish color. On young leaves of A. candicans whitish pubescence may not be obvious except under a lens. Arrabidaea calodictyos is apparently a partially glabrescent form of this species. It is intermediate between A. candicans and A. chica and could be a result of hybridization between the two species. Sandwith identified many of these intermediates with A. chica rather than A. candicans.
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Specimen
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CANAL ZONE: Barro Colorado Island, Brown 123, 128 (both F); Croat 4833 (SCZ), 5228 (MO, SCZ), 7201 (MO, NY, SCZ), 7329 (MO), 7347, 7698A (both MO, SCZ), 7884 (MO), 7902, 8124 (both MO, SCZ), 8312 (MO, NY, SCZ), 8375 (MO), 11099 (MO, SCZ), 12592, 12631 (both MO), 12705 (MO, NY); Dwyer et al. 8441, 8457 (both MO); Foster 681, 1416 (both PMA); Gentry 435 (MO, WIS); Graham 200 (GH); Oppenheimer & Hladik 97 (MO); Shattuck 499 (F, MO, US); Standley 41071 (US); Wetmore & Abbe 2 (F), 13 (A, F, MO), 27 (F), 58 (A, MO); Wetmore & Woodworth 27, 848 (both A). Along road to Venado Beach, Gentry 2865 (MO). Road to Gamboa airfield, Gentry 3267 (MO). Rio Grande Station, Panamat Railroad, Hayes s.n. (BM). Near the Mindi, Hayes 589 (NY). Howard Air Force Base, Nowicke et al. 3608A (MO, SCZ). Along Las Cruces Trail between Fort Clayton and Corozal, Standley 29226 (US). CHIRIQUI: Near San Felix, Pittier 5129 (NY, US). COCLE: 2 miles E of Rio Hondo, Gentry 2907 (MO). Between Aguadulce and Chico River, Pittier 5003 (NY, US). 1-5 miles S of Anton, Tyson & Blum 2575, 2776 (both MO, SCZ). COLON: 1.5 miles E of Rio Piedras on road to Portobelo, Gentry 2191 (MO). Rio Agua Sucio, Gentry 3195 (MO). Between Rio Piedras and Puerto Pilon, Lewis et al. 3220 (MO, SCZ). DARIEN: Isla Encanto in Golfo de San Miguel, Gentry 4013 (MO). S of Jaque, Gentry 4120, 4127 (both MO). Rio Jaque 1-2 hours upriver from Jaque, Gentry 4186 (MO). Upriver from Boca de Cupe on Rio Tuira, Gentry 4321 (MO). El Real, Gentry 4565 (MO). HERRERA. Vicinity of Oci, Allen 4070 (K, MO). Road from La Arena to outskirts of Pese, Burch et al. 1284 (GH, US). S of Ocui, Gentry 3125 (MO). E of Las Minas, Gentry 3127 (MO). PANAMA: Vicinity of Pacora, Allen 1113 (GH, MO, NY, US). Rio Las Lajas, Allen 2038 (F, GH, MO, NY, US). Along road between Panama and Chepo, Dodge et al. 16625 (BR, K, MO, U). Trail S from Pacora along Rio Pacora, Gentry 1410, 1411 (both MO). Rio Pasiga, Gentry 2199, 2247, 2260 (all MO). Rio Maestro, Gentry 2235 (MO). Rio Piragua (Tabardi), Gentry 2576 (MO). 10-15 km from Rio Bayano crossing on trail to Santa Fe, Gentry 3821 (MO). W of Chepo, Gentry & Tyson 1640 (MO). Dam site on Rio Bayano, Gentry & Tyson 1663B (MO). San Jose Island, Johnston 969 (BM, GH, MO, US), 1324, 1407 (both GH, MO, US). San Francisco de la Caleta, Paul 237 (US). Near Panamat, Sargent s.n. (US). Near Punta Paitilla, Standley 26310 (MO, US). E of Rio Tocumen, Standley 26691 (BM, GH, US). Tumba Muerto Road near Panama, Standley 29729 (GH, US). VERAGUAS: Hills W of Sona, Allen 1029 (GH, MO, NY, US). 25 mi. W of Aguadulce, Gentry 2922 (MO). Near Santiago, Seemann 152 (K). WITHOUT LOCALITY: Duchassaing s.n. (K, P), Seemann 152 (K).
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