|
(Last Modified On 5/21/2013)
|
|
|
|
(Last Modified On 5/21/2013)
|
|
Species
|
Arrabidaea chica (H. & B.) Verl.
|
|
PlaceOfPublication
|
Rev. Hortic. 40: 154. 1868.
|
|
Synonym
|
Bignonia chica H. & B., PI. Aequin. 1: 107, pl. 31. 1808. TYPE: Venezuela, Orinoco, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (P). Bignonia cuprea Cham., Linnaea 7: 655. 1832. TYPE: Brazil, Sellow s.n. (K). Arrabidaea acutifolia DC., Prodr. 9: 185. 1845. TYPE: Brazil, Sdo Paulo, Martius s.n. (M). Arrabidaea rosea DC., Prodr. 9: 185. 1845. SYNTYPES: Brazil, Sdo Paulo, Guillemin s.n. (not seen); Amazonas, Martius s.n. (M). Bignonia triphylla Willd. sec. DC., Prodr. 9: 151. 1845, pro syn, non L. nec Vell. Temnocydia carajura Mart. ex DC., Prodr. 9: 185. 1845, pro syn. Vasconcellia acutifolia Mart. ex DC., Prodr. 9: 185. 1845, pro syn. Lundia chica (H. & B.) Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 180. 1854. Adenocalymma portoricensis Stahl, Est. 6: 186. 1888. TYPE: Puerto Rico (not seen, fide Britton, Sci. Surv. Puerto Rico & Virgin Islands 6. 1925). Bignonia erubescens S. Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc., ser. 2. 4: 412. 1895, non DC. Arrabidaea larensis Pittier, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. 18: 336. 1928. TYPE: Venezuela, Lara, Jahn 1186 (GH, US, VEN). Arrabidaea cuprea (Cham.) Born., Revista Sudamer. Bot. 2: 10. 1935, non Pittier.
|
|
Description
|
Liana to 6 cm in diameter, the bark pale gray, smooth, 4-furrowed in age; stem with 4 phloem arms in cross section, the pith reddish, even when fresh; twigs subterete with raised warty lenticels, glabrous to subpuberulous, the younger branchlets drying reddish black, interpetiolar glands usually present but often inconspicuous except on very young twigs; pseudostipules not noticeable. Leaves 3-foliolate or 2-foliolate with a tendril or tendril scar; leaflets ovate to narrowly ovate, acuminate to acute, cuneate to truncate, membranaceous, sec- ondary veins 5-7 on a side, above glabrous, sometimes minutely scabrous at the base of midvein, glabrous beneath except for simple trichomes in the axils of lateral nerves or sometimes slightly scabrous along main veins, rarely puberulous on the surface, dark glossy green when fresh, green with red mottling to uni- formly brick red when dry; the terminal leaflet 4.4-12 cm long and 1.3-7.0 cm wide; lateral leaflets 3.3-11.5 cm long and 1.3-5.5 cm wide, petiole and petiolules glabrous to subpuberulous, the terminal petiolule 0.6-4.6 cm long, the laterals 0.3-2.1 cm long, the petiole 1.5-7.1 cm long; tendril simple, 6-12 cm long. In- florescence a terminal panicle, its branches puberulous. Flowers aromatic, calyx simple-puberulous, mostly eglandular, truncate to minutely subdenticulate, 3-5 mm long and 2-3 mm wide; corolla 1.6-3 cm long and 0.5-1.4 cm wide at the mouth of tube, the tube 1.1-2.1 cm long, the lobes 0.6-1.2 cm long, pubescent, the tube pubescent outside, mostly glabrous inside, pubescent at the level of stamen insertion; stamens didynamous, the anther thecae divaricate, 1.5-2 mm long, the longer filaments 1.1-1.3 cm long, shorter filaments 0.9-1.0 cm long, the staminode 3-4 mm long, inserted 3-4 mm from base of corolla tube; pistil 1.1-1.3 cm long, the ovary narrowly cylindric, finely lepidote, 2-2.5 mm long and 0.5-1.0 mm wide, the ovules 2-seriate; disc cupular, 1 mm long, 1 mm wide. Capsule linear, acute, flattened, 12-23 cm long and 0.9-1.2 cm wide, the surface smooth, slightly irregu- lar-ridged longitudinally, midrib and margins slightly raised, drying brown to reddish brown, lepidote; seeds thin, bialate, 0.7-0.9 cm long and 2.3-2.6 cm wide, the wings hyaline-membranaceous, distinct from the often reddish-drying body.
|
|
Habit
|
Liana
|
|
Note
|
This vine is most abundant in tropical wet forest and premontane wet forest but also occurs sporadically in wetter parts of the tropical moist forest. It ranges from Mexico to Brazil and Argentina. It flowers at the end of the dry season and through most of the wet season from mid-April to October. The leaves of the plant are widely used among tropical Indians as a cosmetic to color the skin red. A note on Duke 14406 reports additional Cuna uses to include protection against sunburn and a medication used between the toes against "mazamora." The bright red color (sometimes only in patches) of the dry leaves is an ob- vious herbarium distinguishing character. When fresh, the plant is relatively difficult to recognize but the combination of mostly 3-foliolate leaves, narrow dark green leaflets, and interpetiolar glandular fields makes recognition possible. This content downloaded from 192.104.39.2 on Tue, 14 May 2013 16:10:35 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions1973] GENTRY-FLORA OF PANAMA (Family 172. Bignoniaceae) 809 This is another of the species of Bignoniaceae with taxonomically confusing pubescence forms. The leaves range from essentially glabrous to bearded in the axils beneath (commonest) to puberulous over the lower leaf surface. The latter form intergrades with A. candicans.
|
|
Distribution
|
from Mexico to Brazil and Argentina.
|
|
Specimen
|
BOCAS DEL TORO: Water Valley, von Wedel 160 (GH, MO), 899 (GH, MO, US). Shepherd Island, von Wedel 2676A, 2697 (both GH, MO, US). CANAL ZONE: Barro Colorado Island, Croat 5038, 6258 (both MO, NY, SCZ), 9266 (MO), 11791 (MO, SCZ); Foster 931 (PMA). CHIRIQUI: Remedios, Seemann 1610 (GH). COCLE': Distrito de la Pintada, Escobar s.n. (MO, PMA). DARIEN: Outskirts of La Palma, Gentry 3932 (MO). S of Jaque, Gentry 4138 (MO). Summit of Cerro Pirre, Gentry 4675 (MO). Manene to the mouth of Rio Cuasi, Kirkbride & Bristan 1471 (MO). PANAMA: La Victoria hills E of Panama City, Allen 4454 (GH, MO, P). Piria, Duke 14406 (SCZ). Near Rio Espave, Gentry 3716 (MO). Between Rios Espave and Sulugandi, Gentry 4987 (MO). San Jose Island, Harlow 28 (GH, US); Johnston 14 (BM, GH, MO, US). SAN BLAS: Near stream above Puerto Obaldlia, Gentry 1535 (MO). VERAGUAS: Mountains N of Santa Fe, Gentry 2995, 3086A (both MO).
|
|
Tag
|
|
|
|
Project Name
|
|
Tag
|
|
|
|