|
(Last Modified On 5/21/2013)
|
|
|
|
(Last Modified On 5/21/2013)
|
|
Species
|
Macfadyena uncata (Andr.) Sprague & Sandw.
|
|
PlaceOfPublication
|
Recueil Trav. Bot. Neerl. 34: 215. 1937.
|
|
Synonym
|
Bignonia uncata Andr., Bot. Repos. tab. 530. 1808. TYPE: (not seen). Bignonia uncinata G. Meyer, Prim. Fl. Essequeb. 210. 1818. TYPE: Surinam (not seen). Spathodea uncata (Andr.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: 835. 1825. Spathodea uncinata (G. Meyer) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: 835. 1825. Bignonia pachyptera DC., Rev. Bign. (Bibl. Univ. Geneve) 8. 1838, nomen nudum. Dolichandra fenzliana Miq., Linnaea 18: 251. 1844. TYPE: Surinam, Focke 661 (U). Macfadyena uncinata (G. Meyer) A. DC., Prodr. 9: 180. 1845. Pachyptera puberula DC., Prodr. 9: 175. 1845. TYPE: Brazil, Cujaba, Manso 10 (G-DC). Spathodea hispida DC., Prodr. 9: 205. 1845. TYPE: Brazil, Cujaba, Manso 105A (G-DC). Spathodea mollis Sond., Linnaea 22: 561. 1849. TYPE: Brazil, Regnell 11.192. (not seen). Macfadyena fenzliana (Miq.) Miq., Stirp. Surinam. Select. 125. 1850. Macfadyena hispida (DC) Seem., Jour. Bot. 1: 227. 1863. Macfadyena mollis (Sond.) Seem., Jour. Bot. 1: 227. 1863. Macfadyena pubescens S. Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc., Bot., ser. 2. 4: 418. 1895. TYPE: Brazil, Iter Mattogrossensis Moore 1021 (BM). Mattogrossensis guatemalensis Blake, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 24: 24. 1922. TYPE: Guatemala, Izabal, Blake 7845 (US).
|
|
Description
|
Liana to at least 2.5 cm in diameter, the bark fibrous, stem with phloem irregularly many-armed in cross section; dimorphic, the juvenile plant with small leaflets, ca. 1.5-3 cm long, climbing straight up tree trunks, often rooting at nodes; branchlets terete, glabrous to puberulous, interpetiolar glandular fields usually present on young twigs, rarely on fertile branches; pseudostipules subu- late-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm long. Leaves 2-foliolate, often with a tendril, especially when young; leaflets when young narrowly ovate to lanceoate, mucronate, basally rounded, when mature narrowly ovate to ovate or elliptic, long acuminate, more or less cuneate to rounded, 5.1-18 cm long and 2.0-9.2 cm wide, membranaceous, secondary veins 5-8 on a side, minutely papillose and lepidote above and be- neath, sometimes simple-puberulous beneath especially along main veins, and more sparsely so above; gray green when dry, the main veins reddish or blackish beneath; tendril trifid, uncate, 0.8-2.0 cm long to branching, the 3 arms thick- ened, 0.5-1.1 cm long; mature petiolules 0.4-2.7 cm long, petiole 0.8-3.6 cm long, petiole and petiolules glabrous to puberulous. Inflorescence of flowers borne singly or in reduced few-flowered panicles in leaf axils. Flowers inconspicuously scented, calyx membranaceous, glabrous to somewhat lepidote basally, often with scattered glands, usually spathaceously split with apiculate incurved tip, 1.5-3.0 cm long and 0.6-1.4 cm wide, 1-2 cm from base to base of split; corolla yellow with the longitudinal pleats in throat darker, tubular-campanulate, 4.2-8.8 cm long and 0.8-2.0 cm wide at the mouth, the tube 3.8-6 cm long, lobes 0.7-1.7 cm long, glabrous outside, slightly lepidote on lobes inside, sparsely pubescent with simple trichomes along throat ridges and strongly pubescent with long, gland- tipped trichomes and a few simple trichomes at the level of stamen insertion; stamens didynamous, the anther thecae divaricate, 2.5 mm long, the longer fila- ments 2.1-2.4 cm long, the shorter filaments 1.6-1.9 cm long, the staminode 1.0 cm long, inserted 15-16 mm above base of corolla tube; pistil 3.5-3.7 cm long, the ovary linear, 2.5-3.0 mm long and 1.0 mm wide, minutely lepidote to glabrate, the ovules 2-seriate in each locule; disc annular-pulvinate, 1 mm long and 3-4 mm wide. Capsule linear, acute, compressed, 16-26 cm long and 1.5-1.9 cm wide, the wings woody but thin, dark brown or blackish, not demarcated from the seed body.
|
|
Habit
|
Liana
|
|
Note
|
Found mostly near the coast in swampy habitats of the tropical wet forest and wetter parts of the tropical moist forest, it is especially common in the fresh wate-r sub-mangrove association just inland from the Rhizophora-Avicennia-La- guncularia association. It ranges from Mexico to Brazil. This species flowers irregularly throughout the year. The light, short-winged seeds are probably partly wind-dispersed and partly water-dispersed, being light enough to be blown easily and thick enough to withstand continued immersion. The spathaceously split calyx is the traditional definitive characteristic of the species. Narrow, subulate pseudostipules, conspicuous interpetiolar glandu- lar fields and especially its usually swampy wet forest habitat distinguish this species from Macfadyena unguis-cati. Macfadyena uncata is less dimorphic than M. unguis-cati, and its juvenile leaves are larger. The supposed distinctions between Macfadyena uncata and M. mollis (an earlier name is M. hispida) do not have specific value. Ecology of these two so-called species seems identical. Although there may be two taxa, I cannot at present justify recognition of more than one in Central America.
|
|
Distribution
|
ranges from Mexico to Brazil.
|
|
Specimen
|
BOCAS DEL TORO: Region of Almirante, Cooper 191 (F, NY). Banks of Rio Changuinola, Dunlap 513 (F, US). Hillside above Almirante, Gentry 2696, 2757 (both MO). Isla Colon, This content downloaded from 192.104.39.2 on Tue, 14 May 2013 16:10:35 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions874 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [VOL. 60 von Wedel 57 (MO). Nances Cay Island, von Wedel 484 (GH, MO). Water Valley, von Wedel 654 (MO), 1911 (GH, MO, US). Vicinity of Chiriqui Lagoon, von Wedel 1251 (GH, MO, US). Old Bank Island, von Wedel 2110 (GH, MO, US). Fish Creek lowlands, von Wedel 2380 (GH, MO, US). CANAL ZONE: Chagres, Fendler 207 (GH, K, MO, US), 200 (K). Along Trinidad River, Pittier 4003 (BM, NY, US). CHIRIQUI: Without locality, Hart CLi15 (K). COLON: Camino a Portobelo despues del Rio Guanche, Correa & Dressler 1765 (MO, PMA). Vicinity of San Miguel de la Borda, Croat 9899 (MO, SCZ). W of Portobelo, Gentry 1745 (MO). Puente de Rio Salud, Salud, Taymes & Carrasquilla 142 (MO). DARIEN: Rio Ucurganti, Bristan 1132 (MO). Rio Jaque to base of Cerro Pavarando, Gentry 4198 (MO). Vicinity of El Real, Gentry 4315 (MO), Gentry 4574 (MO). PANAMA: San Jose Island, Johnston 794 (GH). SAN BLAS: Near Mandinga, Duke 8883 (MO). Near Puerto Obaldia, Gentry 1558 (MO).
|
|
Tag
|
|
|
|
Project Name
|
|
Tag
|
|
|
|