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(Last Modified On 5/21/2013)
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(Last Modified On 5/21/2013)
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Species
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Onohualcoa verrucifera (Schlecht.) A. Gentry
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Synonym
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Bignonia verrucifera Schlecht., Linnaea 26: 655. 1853. TYPE: Venezuela, Curucati, Wagener 307 (not seen). Adenocalymma verruciferum (Schlecht.) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3. 7: 393. 1861. Adenocalymma helicocalyx 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 478. 1891. SYNTYPES: Trinidad, Kuntze 1153 (K, NY); Venezuela, Kuntze 1734 (US). Adenocalymma moritzii Urb., Fedde Repert. 14: 308. 1916. TYPE: Venezuela, prope Palmar, Moritz s.n. (not seen). Setilobus vicentinus Kranzl., Fedde Repert. 17: 122. 1921. TYPE: St. Vincent, Caley s.n. (W). Adenocalymma fissum Loes., Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenberg 65: 102. 1923. TYPE: Mexico, Yucatan, Seler 4034 (not seen). Adenocalymma seleri Loes., Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenberg 65: 101. 1923. TYPE: Mexico, Yucatan, Seler 9901 (not seen). Adenocalymma micradenium Standl., Trop. Woods 45: 16. 1936. TYPE: Colombia, La Mojama, Dugand 611 (F). Onohualcoa seleri (Loes.) Lundell, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 7: 52. 1942. Bayonia fissa (Loes.) Dugand, Caldasia 4: 65. 1946. Bayonia helicocalyx (0. Kuntze) Dugand, Caldasia 4: 63. 1946. Onohualcoa fissa (Loes.) Sandw., Kew Bull. 1946: 88. 1947. 0nohualcoa helicocalyx (0. Kuntze) Sandw., Kew Bull. 1946: 87. 1947. Adenocalymma perezii Standl. & L. 0. Wms., Ceiba 3: 61. 1952. TYPE: Honduras, Cortes, Perex s.n. (US).
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Description
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Liana to at least 8 cm in diameter, the bark smooth, gray with vertical rows of raised brownish lenticels; wood somewhat rank-smelling; stem with 8 phloem arms in cross section; twigs subterete, glabrous to subpuberulous, when dry longitudinally ridged and dark with pale lenticels, the nodes without inter- petiolar glandular fields; pseudostipules inconspicuous, blunt-conical. Leaves 3-foliolate or 2-foliolate with tendril or tendril scar; leaflets ovate-elliptic, acute, basally more or less cuneate to broadly subcordate, 7.1-13.5 cm long and 3.8-6.3 cm wide, membranaceous, 3-nerved from the base, the secondary veins 4-8 on a side, glabrous to puberulous above and beneath, usually puberulous at least at the base of the midvein with glandular fields at the base and apex of the midvein beneath, also with a few scattered plate-shaped glands, more or less olive when dry (young leaves drying black); tendril trifid, 8-14 cm long to branching, the arms 1-1.4 cm long; terminal petiolule 2.5-4.2 cm long, the lateral petiolules 1.5-2.2 cm long, the petiole 3.7-8.7 cm long, puberulous. Inflorescence a 2-6-flowered corymb in the axil of a young leaf or leaf primor- dium, these aggregated into many-flowered narrow terminal panicles, the branches puberulous. Flowers with sweet aroma, calyx cupular, the 5 main ribs ending in narrow, elongate (to 5 mm) teeth, puberulous and lepidote, glandular, 5-7 mm long (without teeth) and 5-6 mm wide, the surface minutely roughened, subverrucose; corolla pinkish lavender with a white throat; tubular-campanulate above an 8 mm by 3 mm tubular base, 5.4-8.1 cm long and 1.0-1.9 cm wide at the mouth, the tube 3.5-6.0 cm long, the lobes 1.2-2.5 cm long; simple puberulous and glandular-lepidote outside, less so on the lobes, mostly glabrous within but somewhat glandular-lepidote on lobes and pubescent at the level of stamen insertion with long, simple, in part gland-tipped, multicellular trichomes; stamens didynamous, the anther thecae divaricate, 3.5-5 mm long, the longer filaments 2.3-2.4 cm long, the shorter filaments 1.1-1.6 cm long, the staminode 4-5 mm long, inserted 8-10 mm from the base of the corolla tube; pistil 3.5-4.2 cm long, the ovary cylindric, 5 mm long and 1-1.5 mm wide, more or less glandular- papillate and inconspicuously scabrous, the ovules 2-seriate in each locule; disc pulvinate, 1 mm long and 3-4 mm wide. Capsule linear-oblong, 17-30 cm long and 2.3-2.6(-3.8) cm wide, the surface strongly tuberculate; seeds 1.5-2.5 cm long and 4-7.8 cm wide, bialate, the wings hyaline-membranaceous at the ends, basally brown and coriaceous, merging with the thick woody seed body.
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Habit
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Liana
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Note
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An uncommon but widespread plant of the tropical wet forest and wetter parts of the tropical moist forest, this species ranges from southern Mexico to Venezuela and British Guiana. The Mexican population has heretofore been regarded as geographically separated and specifically distinct from the plants of northern South America. However, recent collections of this species from Honduras, Costa Rica, and Panama remove the range disjunction and are more or less intermediate morpho- logically as well. The variation in tubercle length is clinal, and the plants are best treated as a single species. I have followed a suggestion of Sandwith (1954) in adopting the basionym Bignonia verrucifera Schlecht., which is older than 0. helicocalyx (0. Kuntze) Sandw., which has been in general use for this plant. I have not been able to locate type material of Bignonia verrucifera, but the description agrees with this species and does not fit any of the other species known from the type locality in northern Colombia.
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Distribution
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An uncommon but widespread plant of the tropical wet forest and wetter parts of the tropical moist forest, this species ranges from southern Mexico to Venezuela and British Guiana.
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Specimen
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CANAL ZONE: Pipeline Road, TTC transect 1, Gentry 7391 (MO). COLON: Above Portobelo Road, Gentry 1763 (MO). PANAMA: Near NMadden Lake, Gentry 5050 (MO); Gentry & Tyson 5025 (MO). SAN BLAS: Mainland opposite Playon Chico, Gentry 6372 (MO).
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Project Name
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