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(Last Modified On 5/20/2013)
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(Last Modified On 5/20/2013)
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Species
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Adenocalymma apurense (H.B.K.) Sandw.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Lilloa 3: 461. 1938.
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Synonym
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Bignonia apurensis H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. P1. 3: 138. 1819. TYPE: Venezuela, Rio Apure, Humboldt & Bonpland 812 (P). Adenocalymma inundatum Mart. ex DC., Prodr. 9: 201. 1845. TYPE: Brazil, Para, Martius s.n. (1819) (M). A. grenadense Urb., Fedde Repert. 14: 306. 1916. TYPE: Grenada, prope Belmont, Broadway 1798 (C, GH, M, NY). Tabebuia calderonii Standl., Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. 14: 244. 1924. TYPE: El Salvador, Sonsonate, Calderon 1666 (US). Adenocalymma hintonii Sandw., Kew Bull. 1936: 10. 1936. SYNTYPES: Mexico, Mexico, Hinton 3784 (K, MO); Guerrero, Hinton 7259 (K, MO, US). A. calderonii (Standl.) Seib., Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 522: 428. 1940.
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Description
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Liana to 10 cm in diameter, the bark smooth, gray, often 4-furrowed; twigs subterete, glabrous to slightly lepidote, usually drying black with whitish lenticels when young; pseudostipules small, pointed, usually ? ovate. Leaves 3-foliolate or 2-foliolate with a tendril or tendril scar; leaflets ovate to elliptic ovate, acute to acuminate, basally rounded, truncate or almost subcordate, 4.5-17 cm long and 2.2-8.8 cm wide, membranaceous to chartaceous, secondary veins 5-7 on a side, the nerve axils beneath with inconspicuous glandular fields, somewhat lepidote, at least beneath, usually puberulous at base of midvein above, drying shiny dark gray or dark olive with a conspicuous narrow cartilaginous margin; tendril sim- ple, 4-13 cm long; petiolules 0.9-4 cm long, petioles 3.2-6.5 cm long, petiole and petiolules flattened above, inconspicuously lepidote, slightly puberulous above at least at base and apex. Inflorescence an axillary raceme, an enclosing deciduous bract ca. 1 cm long and 1 cm wide with conspicuous sunken glands subtending each bud, the rachis and pedicels puberulous. Flowers with the calyx cupular, minutely 5-toothed but bilabiately split for 1-2 mm, 5-8 mm long and 4-6 mm wide, puberulous, usually with plate-shaped glands; corolla bright yellow, 2.5-6.9 cm long and 0.9-1.9 cm wide at the mouth, the base cylindric, 6-7 mm long and 4-5 mm wide above, infundibuliform-campanulate, the tube often bent somewhat anteriorly, 1.8-5.0 cm long, the lobes all ? reflexed, 1.0-2.0 cm long; puberulous outside with simple and thick-stellate trichomes, glandular-lepidote inside on the lobes and sparsely so in the tube, with longer 1-2-celled trichomes at the level of stamen insertion; stamens didynamous, included, the anther thecae slightly di- vergent, slender, 2-3 mm long, the connective with a 1 mm apicule, the longer filaments 1.4-1.7 cm long, the shorter filaments 0.9-1.3 cm long, staminode 4-5 mm long, inserted 4-7 mm from the base of the corolla tube; pistil 2.4-2.5 cm long, ovary cylindric, 3-3.5 mm long and 1.5-2 mm wide, lepidote, the ovules 2-seriate, disc pulvinate, 2 mm long and 3 mm wide. Capsule oblong, rounded at both ends, not compressed, the valves woody and somewhat thickened, the midrib
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Habit
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Liana
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Description
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obscure, 9.5-27 cm long and 2.5-3.1 cm wide, 1.4-2.2 cm thick, glabrous but rough-surfaced, gray with numerous raised tan lenticels; seeds 1.7-2.1 cm long and 5.1-7.6 cm wide, the body thick and corky, the wings thin, brown and mem- branaceous, subhyaline to hyaline at tips and not sharply demarcated.
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Distribution
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A vine of the tropical dry forest and edaphically dry regions of the tropical moist forest, this species is known only from riverine gallery forests over much of its range; from Mexico to the Guianas.
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Note
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Flowering mostly during the late dry season and early wet season from mid-April through August, it has also been collected in flower in February. Although the heavy-bodied seeds have wings, they are probably water dispersed at least in part. This may account for mature plants occurring almost invariably adjacent to streams. The ovate leaflets of this species are useful characters for differentiating it from A. arthropetiolatum, which has narrowly ovate leaflets. The included anthers with slightly divergent thecae separate the flowers from those of A. arthro- petiolatum. This species has in the past been well known from Mexico to El Salvador as A. calderonii (Standl.) Seib. or A. hintonii Sandw. and in northern South America as A. inundatum Mart. ex DC. In large part because of the seeming disjunction across most of Central America, Sandwith (Kew Bull. 1953: 481. 1954) main- tained the two as separate species. However collections from Costa Rica and Panama close the range gap and re-examination of the minor characters purport- ing to separate the two species disclosed that they are the same. The name A. apurense (H.B.K.) Sandw. has priority over either of the names in current use.
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Specimen
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CANAL ZONE: Salamanca Hydrographic Station, Woodson et al. 1577, 1578 (both A, MO, NY). CHIRIQUI: 7.5 mi. W of Puerto Armuelles Croat 22471 (MO). Near Puerto Armuelles, Woodson & Schery 809 (GH, MO, US). DARIEN: Rio Chucunaque between Rios Membrillo and Subcuti, Duke 8607 (MO). Punta Patifio NNE of Garachine, Gentry 4044 (MO). Rio Chucunaque above Rio Tuquesa, Stern et al. 946 (G, GH, K, MO, US). LOS SANTOS: Gua'nico near Tonosi, Stern et al. 1850 (MO, US). PANAMA: Near Madden Lake, Gentry 5023 (MO).
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