(Last Modified On 1/29/2013)
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(Last Modified On 1/29/2013)
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Species
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OCHROMA PYRAMIDALE (Cav. ex Lam.) Urban
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PlaceOfPublication
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Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 5: 123. 1920.-Fig.9.
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Synonym
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Bombax pyramidale Cav. ex Lam., Encycl. Meth. Bot. 2: 552. Apr. 1788. Ochroma lagopus Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. P1. Prodr. 98. Jun.-Jul. 1788. Ochroma tomentosa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Enum. P1. Hort. Reg. Bot. Berol. 695. 1809. Bombax angulata Sesse & MoQ., Fl. Mex. 169. 1895. Ochroma concolor Rowlee, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 9: 161. 1919. Ochroma limonensis Rowlee, loc. cit. 163. 1919. Ochroma grandiflora Rowlee, loc. cit. 163. 1919. Ochroma velutina Rowlee, loc. cit. 164. 1919. Ochroma bicolor Rowlee, loc. cit. 165. 1919. Ochroma boliviana Rowlee, loc. cit. 166. 1919. Ochroma obtusa Rowlee, loc. cit. 166. 1919. Ochroma peruviana Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. Harv. Univ. 81: 95. 1928. Ochroma pyramidale var. concolor (Rowlee) Schultes, Bot. Mus. Leafl., Harv. Univ. 9: 177. 1941. Ochroma tomentosa var. ibarrensis Benoist, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 88: 439. 1941. Ochroma lagopus var. bicolor (Rowlee) Standley & Steyerm., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23:62. 1944. Ochroma lagopus var. occigranatensis Cuatr., Phytologia 4: 480. 1954. Ochroma pyramidale var. bicolor (Rowlee) Brizicky, Trop. Woods 109: 63. 1958.
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Description
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Tree 10-30 m. tall, the trunk up to 0.90-1.80 m. in diam., sometimes buttressed, the crown large and spreading, the bark smooth and grayish, the branchlets tufted- puberulous. Leaves with a thick petiole 3-40 cm. long, tomentellous to glabrescent, the stipules ca. 1.5 cm. long and 1 cm. wide; blade broadly ovate, ovate-angulate to ovate and 3- to 5-sublobate, the base generally deeply cordate, sometimes more ro less truncate, the apex or the central lobe obtuse, acute or acuminate, 10-40 cm. long and 11-35 cm. wide, chartaceous, the margins generally undulate, the upper surface tomentellous especially when young to glabrous, the lower surface shortly tomentellous, 7(-9)-palminerved, the nervation prominent beneath. Flowers with a pedicel 4-11 cm. long and ca. 0.6-1 cm. in diam., tomentellous; calyx 8-11.5 cm. long, tomentellous outside, sericeous-villous inside, the lobes 2.5-4 cm. long, 2 lobes triangular and acute, the other 3 flabelliform; petals obovate-spatulate, 11-15 cm. long and ca. 5 cm. wide, whitish, puberulous on the upper part outside, glabrous or nearly so inside; staminal column cylindric, enlarged at the base, 10-12.5 cm. long, glabrous, the antheriferous part ca. 5-5.5 cm. long; ovary conical, 5-angulate, ca. 13 mm. long and 7 mm. in diam. at the base, tomentellous at the apex; style ca. 9-10 cm. long, puberulous near the base; stigma ca. 3.5 cm. long. Capsule oblong- fusiform, 5-angulate, 16-25 cm. long and ca. 2.5 cm. in diam., the valves black and glabrous; seeds ca. 5 mm. long; kapok pale brown.
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Habit
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Tree
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Distribution
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Frequent in clearings and second-growth forests; often cultivated, sometimes planted for shade.
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Note
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Balsa is a rapidly growing tree known for its very lightweight wood which is used for life rafts, insulating, toys, etc.; the kapok is suitable for filling pillows and mattresses.
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Changuinola Valley, Cooper & Slater 77; locality unknown, von Wedel 459. CANAL ZONE: vicinity of Fort Sherman, Standley 31015; near Fort Randolph, Standley 28733; Gatun Station, Hayes 123; Barro Colorado Island, Aviles 44, L. H. & E. Z. Bailey 151, Bangham 531, Kenoyer 441, Shattuck 526, Wetmore & Abbe 47; Gamboa, Standley 28497; Obispo, Standley 31711; between Summit and Gamboa, J. M. & M. T. Greenman 5219; vicinity of Miraflores, P. & G. White 41; between Miraflores and Corozal, alt. 20-30 m., Pittier 2511; Ancon Hill, Bro. Celestine 119, Rowlee & Stork 802; Balboa, Standley 26976; road K9, alt. 270 ft., Stern & Chambers 42; Chiva-Chiva road, Harvey 5254; locality un- known, Verner s. n. CHIRIQUi: Progresso, Cooper & Slater 253. COL6N: Juan Mina, Rio Chagres, 25 m., Allen 4201. DARIEN: vicinity of Pinogana, 20 m., Allen 4312. PANAMA: Bella Vista, Macbride 2761; Capiri River, west of Panama City, Baker 804; along road be- tween Panama and Chepo, Dodge, Hunter, Steyermark & Allen 16633; Taboga Island, Standley 28006; San Jose Island, Johnston 470, 511. VERAGUAS: vicinity of Santa Fe, Rio Santa Maria, 1,000 ft., Allen 4421. PROVINCE UNKNOWN: W. W. & H. E. Rowlee 4, R. S. Williams 607.
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