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(Last Modified On 9/11/2013)
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(Last Modified On 9/11/2013)
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Genus
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Pentagonia Benth.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Bot. Voy. Sulph. 105. 1844. Nomen conserv.
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Note
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TYPE: P. macrophylla Benth.
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Synonym
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Megaphyllum Spruce ex Baill., Hist. P1. 7: 456. 1880. TYPE: Brazil, Spruce herb., 6230 (K, not seen). Seemannia Hook., J. Bot. 7: 567. 1848. Nomen rejic. TYPE: Panama, Seemann (K, not seen). Watsonamra Kuntze, Rev. Gen. P1. 302. 1891. Nomen rejic. TYPE: W. macrophylla (Benth.) Kuntze.
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Description
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Shrubs or small trees, rarely large trees, usually with stems simple, the stems often succulent. Leaves usually large, entire or pinnatifid lobed, lineolate under
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Habit
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Shrubs or small trees,
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Description
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magnification; petioles occasionally bearing auricles, occasionally absent; stipules free, large, acute. Inflorescences axillary, cymose corymbose; peduncle usually present, bracteate. Flowers with the hypanthium turbinate or campanulate, the calycine cup coriaceous, the wall replete with tough fibers, often with glands inside, spathaceous or 5-6-lobate; corolla funnelform or tubular, coriaceous, gla- brous or villose within, the lobes 5-6, short, valvate; stamens 5-6, the anthers dorsifixed, included, the filaments equal or unequal in length, usually villose at the base, attached to the tube; ovarian disc annular or cupuliform, the stigmas narrow, obtuse, the ovary 2-celled, the ovules numerous, the placentas elongate, swollen, adnate to the septum. Fruits baccate, nutlike when dry, globular, often lenticellate; seeds numerous, obtusely angular, the testa thin.
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Distribution
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occurs in Central America and in most countries of tropical South America.
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Note
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It is a genus of about 25 species. Excluded Species: Pentagonia magnifica Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 325. 1908. TYPE: Colombia, Lehmann 8886 (B, not seen; NY, isotype; photo, MO). Watsonamra magnifica (Krause) Standley, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 441. 1914. When Standley effected the new combination in 1914, he remarked of Pittier 4148 (US) from the Rio Culebra, above Santa Isabel, Province of Colon, Panama: "It is impossible to be certain that the Panama specimen is of this species, since it is in fruit, and even the persistent calyces are mutilated so that their form cannot be determined definitely." I have examined Pittier's collection and agree with Standley. The solitary leaf of the Pittier collection measures 78 cm x 29 cm, is not lobed, and is sessile. The lack of a petiole precludes it from being P. macrophylla. The inflorescence is much reduced and branches in a deliquescent fashion. The fruit is oblong, measuring 2 cm in width and about 3 cm in length; the persistent calycine lobes are about 1 cm long.
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Key
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a. Leaves entire, not pinnatifid lobed. b. Leaves sessile ...... 10. P. wendlandii bb. Leaves obviously petiolate. c. Subshrubs 1.0-1.5 m tall; leaves small, to 22 cm long; hypanthium and calyx to 6 mm long ...... 9. P. veraguensis cc. Shrubs or trees; leaves large, 25-45(-100) cm long. d. Shrubs or small trees, to 7 m tall; fruits to 2.8 cm wide. e. Corolla lobes 5.5-7.0 mm long; anthers dimorphic, the larger to 8.5 mm long ...... 5. P. macrophylla ee. Corolla lobes 10-12 mm long; anthers all alike ca. 4 mm long ...... 2. P. bocataurensis dd. Trees to 17 m tall; fruits ca. 4 cm wide ...... 6. P. nuciformis aa. Leaves pinnatifid lobed. f. Leaves subsessile (the blades often appearing petiolate as they narrow to a slender wing on the costa) ...... 8. P. tinajita ff. Leaves obviously petiolate. g. Petioles with conspicuous auricles. h. Auricles ca. 1/4 the length of the petiole, not drying red, the margin undulate; calycine lobes ca. 3 mm long ...... 3. P. brachyotis hh. Auricles occupying ca. 1/2 the length of the petiole, usually drying red, the margin erosulose or crisp, often with subulate processes; calycine lobes 4-7 mm long ...... 7. P. pinnatifida gg. Petioles lacking auricles. i. Petioles ca. 15 cm long; corolla tube ca. 45 mm long, the lobes ca. 0.6 mm long ...... 1. P. alba ii. Petioles (3.0-)5.0-8.5 cm long; corolla tube ca. 20 mm long, the lobes ca. 10 mm long ...... 4. P. gymnopoda
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