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Published In: Symbolae Antillanae seu Fundamenta Florae Indiae Occidentalis 9: 162. 1923. (Symb. Antill.) Name publication detailView in BotanicusView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
 

Project Name Data (Last Modified On 8/18/2021)
Acceptance : Accepted
Note : Tribe Chiococceae
Project Data     (Last Modified On 9/2/2021)
Notes:

Eosanthe is characterized by its resinous young growth; stiff-textured, medium-sized, subsessile leaves that are clustered at the ends of the stems; stipules united around the stem into a truncate tube; medium-sized, 4-merous flowers that are solitary and subsessile in the axils at the stem apex; well developed, lobed, bright red calyx limb that is almost as long as the tubular yellow corolla; imbricate aestivation; obconic, indehiscent, samaroid fruits with the calyx persistent and papery; and seeds that are solitary in each locule.The label data suggest that the flowers are showy. This genus is known from only a small range, and is one of several morphologically enigmatic Rubiaceae from Cuba. No published illustrations of it have been found. 

Esoanthe is known from very few specimens.The corolla, stamens, and stigmas were not seen by Urban for his description of this species , but these were detailed by Delprete (1999: 229-230), who cited two specimens from Holguín. Later Borhidi et al. (2017) cited the range of Eosanthe as including also Santiago de Cuba, and the range given here is based on their book.

Two collections are imaged online of Eosanthe cubensisEkman 6816 (S) and Ekman 15990 (NY), and no flowers are visible in either image. Delprete did not note where he saw the flowers on which his description is based, and these have not been seen in this study. Delprete noted that the NY specimen has a drawing of a flower made by a later botanist, and this drawing is mounted on the sheet visible in the image. Delprete noted that parts of this drawing seem to be inaccurate in its color; this drawing also differs from Delprete's description in having acute corolla lobes, vs. Delprete's "rounded at apex". Delprete's description noted that the lobes of the corolla are quite a bit shorter than its tube, but gave only one measurement for the size of the entire corolla.

The descriptions presented by Borhidi et al. (2017: 97-98) are basically translations of Delprete's, with a few points added from Urban's protologue. A point found in both of these is Delprete's description of the stipules as fused to the petioles, but this has not been seen on the specimens in the online images. Urban's protologue has a complex Latin sentence that says the stipules are fused to each other but free from the petioles: "stipulae in vaginam ochreiformem breviter cylindraceum antice truncatam glabram a petiolis liberam connatae, persistentes", stipules persistent, connate into an ochreiform sheath [that is] shortly cylindric, anteriorly truncate, glabrous, and free from the petiole. Delprete's description appears to be a misinterpretation of this text, and Borhidi et al.'s description taken from Delprete's rather than Urban's. 

Eosanthe was included by Paudyal et al. (2018) in the Chiococceeae, and found it related to the Antillean genera Ceratophyxis and Phialanthus. It apparently differs from many other genera of this tribe, including Ceratopyxis and Phialanthus, in its stamens with short filaments that are inserted at the top of the corolla tube (Delprete, 1999: 229). In general aspect Eosanthe seems rather similar to some Rutaceae, and to Portlandia. Eosanthe is also similar to some species of Schmidtottia, which differ in their 5-merous flowers with a deeply lobed calyx limb and capsular fruits with numerous seed per locule.

Delprete (1999: 229) cited the type of genus as "Eosanthe coronata Urb.", but name not located and apparently was a typographical error for Eosanthe cubensis. 

Author: C.M. Taylor.
The content of this web page was last revised on 19 August 2021.
Taylor web page: http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/curators/taylor.shtml

Distribution: Humid sclerophyllous and broad-leaved vegetation on serpentine substrates, 1100-1325 m, eastern Cuba (Holguín, Santiago de Cuba).
References:

 

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Shrubs, unarmed, terrestrial, without raphides in the tissues, with ample resinous exudate on leaves and flowers, with branching perhaps sylleptic, principal stems with numerous short internodes. Leaves opposite, subsessile to shortly petiolate, entire, with the higher-order venation not lineolate, without domatia; stipules shortly fused around stem, tubular, truncate, erect, smooth, arrangement in bud unknown, persistent after the leaves fall. Inflorescences axillary at stem apex, with flowers solitary, ebracteate. Flowers subsessile, whether bisexual, protandrous, or homostylous unknown, presumably diurnal; hypanthium obconic, 4-ridged or -winged; calyx limb well developed, deeply 4-lobed, red, perhaps the entire calyx functioning as a calycophyll; corolla tubular, yellow, medium-sized (ca. 2 cm long), internally glabrous, lobes 4, perhaps ligulate, in bud imbricated, apparently without appendage; stamens 4, inserted in upper part of corolla tube, anthers narrowly oblong, dorsfiixed near base, dehiscent by linear slits, partially exserted, whether appendage present unknown; ovary 2-locular, with ovules 1 in each locule, basal, stigmas 2, shape unknown, exserted. Fruit samaroid, obconic, indehiscent, rather small (ca. 3.5 mm long), perhaps cartilaginous, 4-winged, with calyx limb persistent and perhaps enlarging (12--17 mm long); seeds one per locule, obovoid, punctate-reticulate.

 
 
 
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