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(Last Modified On 1/29/2013)
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(Last Modified On 1/29/2013)
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Genus
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STERCULIA L.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Sp. P1. 1007. 1753
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Reference
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Gen. P1. ed. 5, 438. 1754.
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Synonym
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Cavalam Adans., Fam. P1. 2: 357. 1763. Culhamia Forsk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 96. 1775. Ivira Aubl., Hist. P1. Gui. Fr. 694. 1775. Theodoria Neck., Elem. Bot. 2: 286. 1790. Triphaca Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 577. 1790. Southwellia Salisb., Paradisus Londinensis t.69. 1807. Mateatia Vell., Fl. Flum. 382. 1825, Fl. Flum. Ic. 9: t.95. 1835. Chichaea Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 140. 1835. Balanghas Rafin., Sylva Tellur. 72. 1838. Kavalama Rafin., loc. cit. 72. 1838. Karaka Rafin., loc. cit. 72. 1838. Braxipis Rafin., loc. cit. 72. 1838. Clompanus Rafin., loc. cit. 73. 1838. Opsopea Rafin., loc. cit. 73. 1838. Icosinia Rafin., loc. cit. 75. 1838. Triplobus Rafin., loc. cit. 110. 1838. Carpophyllium Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 401. 1861.
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Description
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Trees or infrequently shrubs, deciduous. Leaves alternate, simple and entire to lobate or digitately compound, petiolate, stipulate, the stipules fugacious. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, paniculate or sometimes racemose. Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, monoecious or dioecious, actinomorphous or some- what zygomorphous through the bending of the gonophore, pedicellate, bracteolate, the bracts fugacious; calyx more or less deeply (3-)4- or 5(-6)-lobate, the lobes sometimes appendiculate inside; petals none; gonophore well developed; stamens 10-20, only vestigial in the pistillate flowers, the anthers crowded at the apex of a short staminal tube, shortly stipitate, 2-thecate, the thecae parallel, extrorse, longitudinally dehiscent; ovary sessile, consisting of (3-)4-5 coherent locules, rudi- mentary in the staminate flowers, each locule 2- to many-ovulate; styles coherent; stigma (3-)4- or 5-lobulate or peltate. Carpels separating at maturity and becom- ing follicular, ligneous or coriaceous, dehiscent along the ventral suture, l- to many-seeded; seeds albuminous, the radicle removed from the hilum; cotyledons thin, plane or undulate.
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Habit
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Trees shrubs
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Distribution
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A pantropical genus of about 200 species of which only two occur in Panama.
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Key
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a. Leaves deeply 3- to 5-palmatilobate; calyx 1.5-2 cm. long, the lobes triangular, not appendiculate inside; gonophore not enlarged at the base, 10-12 mm. long in the staminate flowers and 6-8 mm. long in the hermaphrodite ones; anthers 15 . 1. S. APETALA aa. Leaves entire or with slightly undulate margins; calyx 0.9-1.2 cm. long, the lobes linear-lanceolate, the inner surface appendiculate from the base to the middle of the lobes; gonophore much-enlarged at the base, 5.5-6 mm. long in the staminate flowers and ca. 5 mm. long in the hermaphrodite ones; anthers 10 . 2. S. COSTARICANA
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