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(Last Modified On 9/30/2013)
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(Last Modified On 9/30/2013)
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Habit
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vines
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Note
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Stizolobium includes about 8 species
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Distribution
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ranging across the Old World tropics to Australia. At least two species are naturalized in the Neotropics.
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Note
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Stizolobium has been included in Mucuna by many writers, usually with hes- itation, but the differences between Stizolobium and typical elements of Mucuna are manifest. Removal of Stizolobium from Mucuna still leaves Mucuna a het- erogenous group (Verdcourt, 1971), at least when Old World species are consid- ered. Most evident characters for separation are in the seeds. In Mucuna the seeds are large, globose to discoid vs. reniform to faboid (Stizolobium), the hilum is narrow and circumferential around more than 1/2 the seed vs. narrowly elliptical around less than 1/4 of the seed. The legumes are seldom more than 3 times as long as wide vs. several times longer than wide. There are some floral differences as well. In Mucuna anthers are sometimes barbate, anthers are dorsifixed, and there is different connation of the filaments. Vegetatively, the eophylls of Mucuna are alternate and reduced vs. opposite, simple and cordate, foliaceous, and in Mucuna germination is hypogeous vs. epigeal in Stizolobium (Moldenke, 1933). Mucuna comprises mostly high climbing forest vines while Stizolobium com- prises vines on the ground or on fence-rows, often of disturbance. In seeds of Mucuna the putamen is resistant to sea water decay, hence seeds are frequently found in beach drift, but seeds of Stizolobium have a less resistant putamen and the seeds are seldom found in beach drift (Standley & Steyermark, 1946).
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Reference
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Burkill, I. H. 1935. A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula. 2 Vols. London. Moldenke, N. 1933. Tropical American Plants. Phytologia 1: 4-18. Piper, C. V. 1917. The Cowhage and related species. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 30: 51-52.
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Genus
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STIZOLOBIUM P. Br.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Civ. Nat. Hist. Jam. 299. 1756.
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Note
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TYPE: S. pruriens (L.) Med.
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Synonym
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Labradia Swendiatavr, Arznuymitt. 1: 164. 1801. Not seen, fide Index Kewensis. LECTOTYPE: L. pruriens (L.) Med. Mucuna sect. II. Stizolobium (P. Br.) DC., Prodr. 2: 405. 1825. Carpopogon Roxb., Fl. Indica 3: 283. 1832. LECTOTYPE SPECIES: C. niveum Roxb. Mucuna subgenus III. Stizolobium (P. Br.) Bauer, Fl. British India 2: 186. 1879.
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Description
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Climbing or trailing vines, puberulent to cinereous. Leaves pinnate trifolio- late, the leaflets mucronate; petiolules pubescent; petioles often elongate; stipels linear; stipules caducous. Inflorescences axillary racemes, sometimes elongate, the flower buds narrow, the calyx with unequal teeth, the upper pair connate, the lowermost teeth longest; standard short, the wings longer than the standard, the keel tubular, apically cucullate, indurated, about as long as the wings; stamens diadelphous, the vexillary stamen free, the other 9 with the filaments connate into a tube above halfway, the free portion alternately thick and short, narrow and long; ovary pubescent, the style glabrate, the stigma minute. Legume oblong, narrow, several seeded, striate, densely tomentose, usually with stinging hairs, falsely septate, dehiscent; seeds faboid, plump to subglobose, the short hilum surrounded by an elevated elliptical caruncle, the testa thin.
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