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(Last Modified On 3/6/2013)
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(Last Modified On 3/6/2013)
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Genus
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LONCHOCARPUS H. B. K.
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Contributor
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F. J. HERMANN
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PlaceOfPublication
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Nov. Gen. Sp. P1. 6: 383. 1824, nom. gen. conserv.
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Synonym
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Clompanus Aubl., Hist. P1. Gui. Fr. 773. 1775.
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Description
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Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate (rarely 1-foliolate); leaflets op- posite, mostly estipellate. Flowers purple, pink or whitish, borne in paniculate racemes; pedicels geminate or fasciculate on generally rudimentary secondary pe- duncles, rarely solitary or racemose; bracts and bractlets generally small, caducous or persistent; calyx mostly cupulate, truncate or minutely toothed; vexillum usually orbicular, generally auriculate at the base, emarginate at the apex; wing petals oblique-oblong or falcate, adhering to the carinal petals above the claw; carinal petals obtuse, more or less arcuate, connate along their lower margin; stamens monadelphous, the tube fenestrate at the base; vexillar stamen free at the base; anthers versatile; ovary sessile or stipiitate, 2- to 10-ovulate; style filiform, arcuate; stigma capitellate. Legumes indehiscent, oblong or suborbicular to elongate, flat, membranous or coriaceous, the vexillar suture thin, concave, thickened or carinate; seeds 1-4, compressed, more or less reniform.
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Habit
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Trees or shrubs
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Note
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About 175 species in Central and South America, West Indies, Africa and Australia; 13 species and two varieties are presently reported from Panama. The South American L. nicou (Aubl.) DC. is now the principal source of rotenone.
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Key
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a. Flowers in pairs on short, secondary peduncles racemosely arranged along the floral axis. b. Vexillar margin of the legume sharp-edged or rounded. c. Midrib and secondary veins impressed on the upper surface of the leaflets, very prominent beneath; legume pubescent. d. Legume coriaceous, elliptic, 2.5 cm. wide, appressed-sericeous; flowers pinkish-purple, the wing petals subfalcate, 13.5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide; leaflets 7-13 ................... 1. L. FENDLERI dd. Legume submembranous, elongate to linear-lanceolate, 1.5-1.7 cm. wide, velutinous; flowers deep-purple, the wing petals narrowly ob- long, 8 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; leaflets 7 (rarely 5 or 9) ... 2. L. VELUTINUS cc. Midrib and secondary veins not conspicuously impressed on the upper surafce of the leaflets; legume glabrous. d. Leaflets pellucid-punctate. e. Leaflets 2.5-4.5 cm. wide, abruptly accuminate to caudate at the apex; legume oblique-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4.5-6.5 cm. long (when rarely 3-seeded up to, 13 cm. long), coriaceous, substipitate ..-..-.-.-..3. L. PENINSULARIS ee. Leaflets 4.5-6 cm. wide, subacuminate to an obtuse apex; legume broadly oblong, 10 cm. long, subligneous, long-stipitate .---------------------------------------------------4. L. CHIRICANUS dd. Leaflets epunctate. e. Legume orbicular to oblong, rounded or abruptly acute at base and apex; vexillum 10-12 mm. long; racemes generally com- pound or apparently fastigate and terminal .......... 5. L. LUTEOMACULATUS ee. Legume elliptic, cuneate-attenuate at base and apex; vexillum 5-7 mm. long; racemes generally simple, axillary .6. P. PENTAPHYLLUS bb. Vexillar margin of the legume thickened at the seeds, carinate or concave. c. Leaves 1-foliolate .-----------------------------------------------------------7. L. MONOFOLIARIS cc. Leaves multifoliolate. d. Vexillum about 9 mm. long, the margins strongly inflexed. e. Leaflets 2-6.5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide; petiolules 2-3 mm. long; secondary peduncles predominantly biflorous, 2-3 mm. long; vexillum sparsely sericeous toward the apex outside, its claw 0.8 mm. long ......... .................................................. 8. L. ATROPURPUREUS ee. Leaflets 6-15 cm. long, 2.5-7 cm. wide; petiolules 4.5-6 mm. long; secondary peduncles uniflorous, 0.5 mm. long; densely sericeous outside, its claw 1.5 mm. long ......................... 9. L. OLIGANTHUS dd. Vexillum 12-16 mm. long, the margins not inflexed. e. Leaflets pellucid-punctate; petiolules glabrous. f. Flowers 10-13 mm. long; calyx in anthesis generally 6 mm. wide or less, usually densely sericeous; rachis of inflorescence densely canescent; secondary peduncles usually 0.5-1 mm. long .... . ... 10. L. GUATEMALENSIS ff. Flowers 13-16 mm. long; calyx in anthesis generally 7 mm. wide or more, usually sparsely sericeous; rachis of in- florescence glabrous; secondary peduncles usually 2-2.5 mm. long ...- - - - 10a. -var. PROTERANTHUS ee. Leaflets epunctate; petiolules pubescent. f. Leaflets scabridulous-puberulent above, tomentulose to densely puberulent beneath .................... . 11. L. SERICEUS ff. Leaflets glabrous above, glabrate or minutely puberulent (principally on the veins) beneath ....................1 la. -var. GLABRESCENS aa. Flowers not paired, in short racemes (or by abortion subfasciculate) arranged along the floral axis. b. Secondary inflorescences racemose; leaflets estipellate . . 12. L. CALCARATUS bb. Secondary inflorescences subfasciculate; leaflets stipellate .. . 13. L. DENSIFLORUS
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