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(Last Modified On 3/27/2013)
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(Last Modified On 3/27/2013)
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Genus
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Cissus L.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Sp. P1. 117, 1753.
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Description
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Climbing vines, herbs or small shrubs, often woody, occasionally fleshy and succulent; roots often tuberous; stems terete or angulate, glabrous to densely pubescent, often ramifying, tendrils always present and opposite the leaves, simple or bifurcate; stipules paired, always present, generally caducous. Leaves usually simple or 3-5-foliolate, often lobed, petiolate, the shape, pubescence and texture highly variable, the venation pinnate or palmate, the margins entire or frequently toothed. Inflorescences always opposite the leaves, cymes regular or corymbiform or umbelliform, pedunculate, with bracts and bracteoles. Flowers 4-merous, perfect, pedicellate, the calyx cupular, entire or with 4 valvate lobes; corolla generally ovoid or campanulate at the base, the petals valvate, inwardly cucullate, opening at anthesis and falling away separately; stamens opposite the petals, inserted orn the receptacle at the base of the disc, the filaments erect, the anthers introrse, the disc surrounding the ovary, the margin 4-lobed; ovary bilocular with 2 an.atropous ovules, the style cylindrical and often persisting after anthesis, the stigma small, discoid. Fruit a 1(-2)-seeded berry, the seeds obovoid, attenuate at the base, often trigonous.
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Habit
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vines, herbs or small shrubs
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Note
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A pantropical genus of ca 400 species of which six are reported from Panama. This genus exhibits great variation. In C. skicyoides, for example, the amount of variation expressed within the species is greater than the differences between the trifoliolate species. The neotropical members of this genus are in need of serious monographic study. The name Cissus was derived from the Greek kissos meaning ivy.
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Key
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a. Leaves 3-foliolate. b. Terminal leaflets rhombic; plants densely pubescent with glandular &/or eglandular hairs; stipules on the younger branches linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 3-6 mm long ................. 1. C. rhombifolia bb. Terminal leaflets elliptic to obovate; plants usually glabrous or with sparse eglandular hairs; stipules on the younger branches broadly ovate to sub- rotund, 2-4 mm long. c. Mature peduncles (6-) 7-12 cm long; stems 4-gonous, often winged; fruits 4-6 mm in diam ................ 2. C. erosa cc. Mature peduncles 1-1.8 cm long; stems terete to subangulate, unwinged; fruits 6-10 mm in diam. d. Terminal leaflets with a petiole 0.5-2 cm long; leaves mucronate- serrate, mature leaves 4-10 long; flowers red or reddish-orange; fruits 6-8 mm in diam ............... 3. C. microcarpa dd. Terminal leaflets sessile; leaves sparsely denticulate, mature leaves 2-4 cm long; flowers pale green; fruifs- ca 1 cm in diam .......4. C. martiniana Eta. Leaves simple. e. Berries 10-12 mm in diam; buds 3-4 mm long, dark red; leaves strongly dimorphic, mature leaves coriaceous, glabrous .......... 5. C. biformifolia ee. Berries 4-6 mm in diam buds 1-1.5 mm long, greenish-white, white to yellow, rarely red; leaves not strongly dimorphic, mature leaves chartaceous, glabrous to densely villous ............... 6. C. sicyoides
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