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(Last Modified On 6/5/2013)
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(Last Modified On 6/5/2013)
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Genus
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Fleischmannia Schultz-Bip.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Flora 33: 417. 1850.
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Note
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TYPE: F. rhodostyla Schultz- Bip. F. arguta (H.B.K.) B. L. Robinson.
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Description
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Sparingly branched herbs or subshrubs. Leaves opposite, rarely subopposite or alternate; blades elliptical to rhomboidal or broadly cordate-ovate, the margins usually serrate or crenate, rarely serrulate (leaves dissected into long narrow segments in one species); petioles slender. Inflorescence laxly branching with laxly cymose to densely corymbose branches. Heads discoid with 10-50 florets; involucre of 20-30 narrow obtuse to acuminate subimbricate usually unequal bracts, in 2-4 series, spreading at maturity; receptacle usually glabrous, sometimes with minute scattered hairs, usually flat; corolla with a short basal tube, the limb narrowly funnelform, the outer surface above or on the lobes often with short hairs or glands, the lobes short, broadly triangular, with projecting cells on outer surface and along margins, the cells of much of the inner surface of lobes and limb with upper ends projecting as papillae, the cells of the limb mostly narrow with sinuous walls; anther collar usually slender, with elongate cells showing distinct transverse thickenings throughout, without distinct short cells below, the exothecial cells mostly quadrate or wider than long, the anther appendage broadly ovate or oblong; style without basal enlargement, glabrous, the cells of style appendage linear, densely long-projecting. Achenes prismatic, usually with bristles or scabrae on the ribs or upper surfaces, usually without glands; carpopodium distinct with prominent upper rim, rounded with thick-walled usually quadrate cells; pappus of 5-40 slender sometimes slightly fragile bristles, the apical cells pointed.
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Habit
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herbs or subshrubs
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Distribution
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Fleischmannia contains about 70 known species ranging from the southeastern United States and Mexico through Central America and the West Indies to Argentina in South America.
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Note
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In South America the genus is concentrated in the Andes. One species, F. microstemon, has become adventive in West Africa. Eleven species are found in Panama. The genus shows a superficial resemblance to some members of the genus Ageratina but the two are not closely related. Basic differences occur in many details of the corollas, the anther collars, the achenes, and the pappus. Fleisch- mannia is also cytologically distinct with base numbers of x = 4 and x = 10 (Baker, 1967).
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Reference
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Baker, H. G. 1967. The evolution of weedy taxa in the Eupatorium micro- stemon species aggregate. Taxon 16: 293-300. King, R. M. & H. Robinson. 1970. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Compositae). XVIII. New combinations in Fleischmannia. Phytologia 19: 201-207.
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Key
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a. Leaves with primarily pinnate venation, the margin distinctly doubly crenate ...... 1. F. allenii aa. Leaves prominently trinervate from the base, the margin simply crenate or serrate. b. Heads about 3 mm high; corollas about 2 mm long. c. Perennial; leaf tips acuminate; branches of inflorescence with heads in small corymbose clusters; involucral bracts rounded to short-acute ...... 4. F. hymenophylla cc. Annual; leaf tips acute; branches of inflorescence with heads in lax cymes; involucral bracts acute to narrowly long-acuminate. d. Leaves narrowly elliptic with narrowly cuneate bases ...... 6. F. misera dd. Leaves rhomboid-ovate ...... 10. F. sinclairii bb. Heads about 4-6 mm high; corollas usually 2.5-3.5 mm long. e. Leaves narrowly elliptic to linear-lanceolate with narrowly cuneate bases; receptacle slightly convex or conical ...... 9. F. sideritidis ee. Leaves ovate to rhombic with short-cuneate to rounded or cordate bases; receptacle usually flat. f. Annual; achenes with ribs usually yellow to maturity; inflorescence often lax ...... 5. F. microstemon ff. Perennial; achenes evenly darkening without persistently yellow ribs; inflorescence with compact corymbose branches. g. Leaves with broadly rounded or cordate bases, without glandular punctations. h. Erect shrubby herbs with densely pubescent leaves; stem leaves acute to scarcely acuminate; ribs of achenes bearing many short bristles ...... 11. F. tysonii hh. Subscandent herbs with very sparsely pubescent leaves; stem leaves rather abruptly short-acuminate; ribs of achenes sparsely scabrous to glabrous ...... 2. F. chiriquensis gg. Leaves with broadly cuneate to truncate bases, with glandular punctations. i. Inflorescence a broad flat-topped corymbose panicle; base of involucre abrupt with compact lower bracts ...... 3. F. croatii ii. Inflorescence a series of rather compact glomerulate corymbose branches; base of involucre with loose lower bracts. j. Involucral bracts glabrous or with sparse appressed puberulence, lateral margins narrowly scarious; leaves glabrous below except on larger veins; heads with 20-25 florets; style branches thickened ...... 7. F. panamensis jj. Involucral bracts prominently puberulent to pilose, lateral margins broadly scarious; leaves puberulous below; heads with 15-20 florets; style branches usually slender -8. F. pratensis
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