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(Last Modified On 6/20/2013)
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(Last Modified On 6/20/2013)
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Genus
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Taraxacum Wiggers
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PlaceOfPublication
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Prim. Fl. Hols. 56. 1780.
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Note
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TYPE: T. officinale Wiggers, typ. cons.
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Description
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Small, perennial herbs; rootstock sometimes sturdy; sap milky. Leaves alter- nate, often in a basal rosette, variously incised or rarely entire, glabrous or pubescent, sometimes basally narrowed into a petiole. Inflorescence one or several scapes; peduncle hollow, terete; mostly ebracteate. Heads ligulate; involucre of dimorphic bracts, the outermost in 2-3 spiral, calyculate series, short, free, applied, porrect or reflexed, the innermost in 2 series, subequal, linear, valvate and basally connate or slightly imbricate, glabrous or ciliolate; receptacle naked, flat, areolate;
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Habit
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herbs
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Description
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florets all perfect and fertile but sometimes dimorphic, the corollas yellow, white, orange, purplish or red, those of the outer florets larger, often grayish or brown, the anthers with appendages basally connate and basally sagittate, the style apically pubescent, the branches pubescent, a large nectary sometimes present, the ovaries of the outer and inner florets sometimes differing in size and ornamenta- tion. Achenes all alike, oblong, sulcate, apically tuberculate, the beak elongate, basally thickened and sometimes sulcate; pappus of numerous, strigose bristles in many similar series. Pollen echinolophate, 3-4-colpate, often irregularly shaped. Base chromosome number x = 8.
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Note
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Much of the genus Taraxacum is apomictic and comprises many local and morphologically similar elements which have been recognized as species. Depending on the circumscription of these segregates, the genus includes from 23 to over 1000 species, centered mainly in Europe and the Mediterranean basin. Several species are naturalized in North America, and the species found in Panama is almost worldwide in distribution.
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Distribution
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almost worldwide in distribution.
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Reference
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Hendel-Mazzetti, H. von. 1907. Monographie der Gattung Taraxacum. Leipzig. . 1923. Nachtrage zur Monographie der Gattung Taraxacum. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 72: 254-275.
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