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(Last Modified On 10/31/2012)
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(Last Modified On 10/31/2012)
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Genus
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TILLANDSIA L.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Sp. P1. 286. 1753.
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Synonym
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Renealmia L. Sp. PI. 286. 1753. Banapartea R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 3:38. 1802. Acanthospora Spreng. AnI. ed. 2, 2:255. 1817. Misandra Dietr. Lex. Nachtr. 5:102. 1819, non Commerson, 1789. Dendropogon Raf. Neog. 3. 1825. Buonapartea Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 3. 706. 1839. Strepsia Nutt. ex Steud. Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, 2:645. 1841. Allardtia A. Dietr. in Alug. Gartenzeit. 20:241. 1852. Anoplophytum Beer in Flora 37:346. 1854. Diaphoranthema Beer in Flora 37:349. 1854. Phytarrhiza de Vis. in Mem. Ist. Veneto 5:340. 1855. Platystachys Beer, Bromel. 18, 80. 1857. Pityrophyllum Beer, Bromel. 17, 79. 1857. Wallisia E. Morr. in BeIg. Hortic. 20:97. 1870. Cipuropsis Ule in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenburg 48:148. 1907.
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Description
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Caulescent or acaulescent herbs of very variable habit. Leaves rosulate or fasciculate or distributed along a stem, polystichous or distichous, entire, blades ligulate or subtriangular or filiform. Scape usually distinct. Inflorescence various, usually of distichous-flowered spikes or sometimes reduced to a single polystichous- flowered spike by the reduction of the spikes to single flowers or rarely the whole inflorescence reduced to a single flower. Flowers perfect. Sepals usually sym- metric, free, or equally or posteriorly joined. Petals free, naked or rarely with vertical folds. Stamens of various lengths relative to the petals and pistil. Ovary superior, glabrous. Ovules usually many and caudate. Capsule septicidal. Seeds erect, narrowly cylindric or fusiform, the plumose appendage white, straight, basal.
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Habit
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herbs
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Key
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a. Stamens equaling or shorter than the petals. br>b. Sepals symmetric, or if slightly asymmetric, ovate or lanceolate, broadest near base. c. Stamens exserted from the throat of the corolla; style -slender, much longer than the ovary - -- Subgenus ALLARDTIA d. Inflorescence compound, central. e. Leaf-blades ligulate; spikes lanceolate or elliptic. f. Spikes dense or subdense; floral bracts about equaling the sepals. g. Sepals 25 mm. or longer; primary bracts all much short- er than the branches -1. T. RUBRA gg. Sepals 15-20 mm. long; lower primary bracts exceeding the branches - -- 2. T. EXCELSA ff. Spikes lax; floral bracts much shorter than the sepals -- 3. T. SINGULARIS ee. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular; spikes linear, 15 cm. long, 12 mm. wide - 4. T. SUBIMBRICATA dd. Inflorescences simple, numerous and axillary in each rosette - 5. T. COMPLANATA cc. Stamens deeply included; style short and stout; inflorescence sim- ple in the Panamanian species. f. Petal-blades broad, ovate or elliptic, showy - Subgenus PHYTARRHIZA g. Flowers and their bracts suberect, densely imbricate - 6. T. ANCEPS (485) gg. Flowers and their bracts spreading; inflorescence lax - 7. T. MONADELPHA ff. Petal-blades narrow, elliptic, inconspicuous; plants moss- like __---- _ Subgenus DIAPHORANTHEMA _ - - _- - _---- - 8. T. USNEOIDES bb. Sepals asymmetric, free, oblong or broadest near apex, not over 10 mm. long ------------- Subgenus PSEUDO-CATOPSIS c. Floral bracts suborbicular, much exceeding the sepals, mem- branaceous; inflorescence simple or few-branched -9. T. CRISPA cc. Floral bracts barely if at all exceeding the sepals, firmer; in- florescence amply compound. d. Floral bracts equaling or exceeding the sepals, glabrous or sub- glabrous; leaf-blades ligulate ----- 10. T. SPICULOSA dd. Floral bracts shorter than the sepals; leaf-blades narrowly triangular. e. Primary bracts at least half as long as the axillary spikes; flowers spreading; floral bracts densely lepidote - 11. T. ADPRESSA ee. Primary bracts much shorter than the axillary spikes; flowers nearly erect; floral bracts subglabrous- _ 12. T. GUANACASTENSIS aa. Stamens longer than the petals -Subgenus PLATYSTACHYS b. Floral bracts much less than twice as long as the internodes; flowers spreading _ - _ _ - - ------13. T. FLEXUOSA bb. Floral bracts at least twice as long as the internodes; spikes usually dense. c. Leaf-blades ligulate; scapes several and axillary in each rosette-- 14. T. MULTICAULIS cc. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular or linear. d. Floral bracts coriaceous or subcoriaceous. e. Leaf-blades linear-subulate; leaves closely fasciculate; leaf- sheaths triangular with abruptly auricled bases. f. Spikes arching-recurved, linear; floral bracts barely im- bricate -- 15. T. FESTUCOIDES ff. Spikes erect (or inflorescence simple), elliptic or lanceolate, dense --- 16. T. JUNCEA ee. Leaf-blades definitely if narrowly triangular; leaf-sheaths usually ovate or elliptic without auricled bases. f. Spikes terete-- 17. T. ACOSTAE ff. Spikes more or less complanate. g. Spikes linear-lanceolate, not over 12 mm. wide; leaf- sheaths scarcely darker than the blades, inflated - _- 18. T. BALBISIANA gg. Spikes lance-elliptic, ovate or oblong, 12-40 mm. wide; leaf-sheaths castaneous, much darker than the blades. h. Sepals alate; bracts subinvolucrate below the in- florescence ---------------------------------------------- 19. T. PUNCTULATA hh. Sepals merely carinate; bracts not at all involucrate. i. Sides of the spikes more or less convex; floral bracts ample- - - _ __ - - _ 20. T. FASCICULATA ii. Sides of the spikes flat; floral bracts narrow; primary bracts scarcely larger than the floral - 21. T. MELANOCRATER dd. Floral bracts subchartaceous to membranaceous. e. Leaf-sheaths inflated and forming a pseudobulb, the inner ones closely enfolding the scape. f. Sepals exceeding the floral bracts -22. T. SUBULIFERA ff. Sepals equaling or shorter than the floral bracts. g. Leaf-sheaths variegated - _ _ 23. T. BUTZII gg. Leaf-sheaths green, concolorous or with only a narrow margin of red or purple .-- 24. T. BULBOSA ee. Leaf-sheaths nearly flat and forming a crateriform rosette. f. Floral bracts narrow, exposing the rhachis at anthesis. g. Leaf-sheaths dark castaneous; floral bracts 25-35 mm. long - -------- 25. T. INCURVA gg. Leaf-sheaths green like the blades; floral bracts 20 mm. long - _ 26. T. VALENZUELANA ff. Floral bracts broad, densely imbricate, incurved, rugulose and blackish when dry --- 27. T. KEGELIANA
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