(Last Modified On 7/24/2013)
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(Last Modified On 7/24/2013)
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Genus
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Vaccinium L.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Sp. P1. 1: 349. 1753
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Note
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LECTOTYPE: Vac- cinium myrtillus L.
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Synonym
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Oxycoccus Hill, Brit. Herb. 324. 1756. TYPE: Vacciniumn oxycoccus L. Polycodium Raf., Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2: 266. 1818 and 4: 189. 1819. Batodendron Nutt., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. II. 8: 261. 1843. TYPE: B. arboreum (Mar- shall) Nutt. (= V. arboreum Marshall). Picrococcus Nutt., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. II. 8: 262. 1843. LECTOTYPE: P. stamineum (L.) Nutt. = Vaccinium stamineum L. Cyanococcus (A. Gray) Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts. 645, 1065. 1917. TYPE: C. pensilvanicus (Lam.) Rydb. (pennsylvanicus) (= V. angustifolium Ait.). Herpothamnus Small, Man. S.E. Flora 1017. 1933. TYPE: H. crassifolius (Andr.) Small Vaccinium crassifolium Andr. Hugeria Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 896. 1903. TYPE: Hugeria erythrocarpa (Michx.) Small (= Vaccinium erythrocarpum Michx.) Rhodococcum (Rupr.) Avorin, Bot. Zurn. SSSR. 43: 1721. 1958. TYPE: Rhodococcum vitis- idaea (L.) Avorin (= Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.).
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Description
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Shrubs or rarely trees, often rhizomatous. Leaves persistent or deciduous, entire or serrate, pinnately veined or rarely plinerved; petioles short. Inflores- cences racemose, developing from the buds of the previous season, rarely only 1-2 flowered, the flowers borne in the axils of the bracts or the leaves; pedicels usually bibracteolate, either articulated or continuous. Flowers with the hy- panthium cylindric to globose; calyx lobes (4-)5, rarely obsolete; corolla gamo- petalous, white, greenish, red or yellowish, cylindric, urceolate or campanulate, the lobes 4-5, rarely parted almost to the base; stamens 8 or 10, the anthers lacking awns and with or without dorsal spurs, tapering upward into tubules and opening by a terminal pore or rarely an oblique cleft; pollen in tetrads and without viscin strands; stigma small, simple or somewhat capitate, the ovary completely or partly inferior, 4-5 (-falsely 10) -locular, the placentation axile. Berry 5 to many seeded, crowned by the persistent calyx lobes and capped by the conspicuous nectariferous disc.
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Habit
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Shrubs or rarely trees
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Distribution
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Vaccinium is a genus of perhaps 300 species primarily of the Northern Hemisphere, mostly montane in the tropics.
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Note
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The genus as usually interpreted is diverse and this diversity is amply exhibited by the few representatives found in Central America.
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Reference
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Sleumer, H. 1936. Die Arten der Gattung Vaccinium L. in Zentral und Sud- amerika. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 13: 111-140. Standley, P. C. 1920-26. Trees and shrubs of Mexico. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1-1721.
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Key
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a. Leaves crenate serrulate; corolla white or white tinged with pink or red; flowers borne in a secund raceme; anthers spurred; calyx and corolla lobes 4 ...... 1. V. consanguineum aa. Leaves entire; corolla reddish or pale greenish yellow; flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves or borne in an umbelliform cluster; anthers spurless; calyx and corolla lobes 4 or 5. b. Corolla 4-lobed, red or reddish purple; stamens 8; shrublets creeping, vinelike, closely clasping the bark; hypanthium and pedicel continuous (nonarticulate); flowers solitary ...... 2. V. dissimile bb. Corolla 5-lobed, mostly pale greenish yellow to yellow but often tinged with pink; stamens 10; erect shrubs or trees, or, if epiphytic, neither creeping nor closely clasping the bark; hypanthium and pedicels jointed (articulate); flowers in corymbose or umbellate racemes. c. Calyx lobes 5-6 mm long; principal veins of leaves moderately spreading hirsute beneath; hypanthium and calyx lobes both hirsute and with glan- dular, capitate protuberances ...... 4. V. jefense cc. Calyx lobes 4 mm or less long; principal veins of leaves at most puberulent or glandular strigillose beneath; hypanthium and calyx lobes glabrous to inconspicuously puberulous. d. Calyx lobes 2-3.5 mm long; staminal tubules ca. 1 mm long ...... 3. V. floccosum dd. Calyx lobes 1 mm long or less; staminal tubules 3 mm long or longer. e. Staminal tubules 3.5-5.5 mm long, each dehiscing by a terminal truncate or slightly inwardly facing pore; Chiriqui ...... 5. V. poasanum ee. Staminal tubules 3.0-3.2 mm long, each dehiscing by a lateral cleft 2-2.5 mm long; Veragnas ...... 6. V. santafeensis
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