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(Last Modified On 5/29/2013)
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(Last Modified On 5/29/2013)
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Genus
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Voyria Aubl.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Hist. P1. Guiane Fr. 208. 1775.
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Synonym
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Biglandularia Karsten, Linnaea 28: 416. 1856. Leiphaimos Auct. non Schlecht. & Cham., Linnaea 6: 387. 1831.
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Description
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Herbs, saprophytic, devoid of chlorophyll, perennial; the stems usually erect, simple to sometimes branched. Leaves small, scale-like, opposite, decussate, sessile, the opposite pairs usually ? connate at the base. Inflorescences terminal and dichasial, or flowers mostly terminal and solitary. Flowers 4-6-merous; calyx tubular to campanulate, sometimes hyaline, occasionally provided within and at the base with a verticil of small scales, persistent; corolla variously colored, much longer than the calyx, marcescent, the tube elongated, the lobes contorted, spreading; stamens included, the filaments long or the anthers sessile, inserted below the throat of the corolla tube or on the corolla tube at various
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Habit
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Herbs
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Description
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heights, the anthers introrse, coherent or not, the thecae appendaged or not at the base; ovary sessile or shortly stipitate, eglandular or with 2 opposite glands at the base, the latter sometimes stipitate, I-locular, the 2 parietal placentae some- times protruding, style filiform, stigma usually simple, capitate or infundibuli- form, rarely 2-lobed. Capsules surrounded by the persistent calyx and marcescent corolla, ellipsoid to oblong to linear, septicidally 2-valvate or only medially septi- cidal, the valves remaining united at the base and apex; seeds numerous, minute, ovoid and wingless or narrowly fusiform, i.e. provided with 2 long hair-like wings. Pollen grains in monads, bilateral, heteropolar, reniform, semi-ovidal to unsym- metrically biconvex, or radially symmetrical, isopolar, oblate to spheroidal, or irregular in shape, the outline in lateral view convexo-concave to convexo-plane to depressed ovate, or ? circular to irregular, in polar view circular to oval, or irregular, 7-12 x 11-21 x 9-14 microns, or 10-11 x 12-15 microns, or 14-15 J, in diameter, 1-2 porate (one pore often smaller), the pores 1-3 microns in diameter, the pore margin re- inforced by a thickening (annulus) 0.5-1 microns wide, 1-2 microns high, consisting of sexine and/or nexine, the annulus occasionally absent; exine 0.5-1 ,t thick, at the aper- tures up to 2 microns thick, the stratification obscure, non-baculate; sexine smooth or scabrous.
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Distribution
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A tropical genus of about 16 species, mainly in Central and South America and the West Indies, with 1 species in tropical Africa; 9 species reported from Panama.
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Note
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Growing upon decayed leaves on forest floors.
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Reference
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Raynal, A. IRtude critique des genres Voyria et Leiphaimos (Gentianaceae) et revision des Voyria d'Afrique. Adansonia, ser. 2. 7: 53-71. 1967. Robyns, A. Notes on some American species of Voyria (Gentianaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 398-399. 1969. Standley, P. C. The Panamanian species of Leiphaimos. In "Studies of trop- ical American phanerogams-No. 3." Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 20: 194-200. 1919. Williams, L. 0. Voyria and Leiphaimos. In "Tropical American plants, IX." Fieldiana: Bot. 31: 411-415. 1968.
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Key
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a. Inflorescences dichasial. b. Herb entirely white; flowers sessile or subsessile; opposite scales connate at the base only; corolla 10-11 mm long, the tube constricted ca. 2 mm below the apex, glabrous within ...... 1. V. alba bb. Herb with orange to purplish-yellow stems; pedicels 2-8 mm long; opposite cauline scales connate for ca. 1/6-/2 of their length; corolla orange or yellow, 15-20 mm long, the tube cylindric, scarcely dilated at the throat, villosulous towards the apex within ...... 2. V. aturantiaca aa. Flowers solitary. c. Calyx without scales at the base within; ovary eglandular. d. Anthers sessile or filaments short, not exceeding 1 mm. e. Anthers exappendiculate. f. Opposite cauline scales connate for ca. 1/5-1/3 of their length or less; cauline scales narrowly ovate, acute apically; calyx lobes narrowly ovate- triangular, acute to acuminate apically; corolla lobes acuminate apically; anthers sessile; ovary substipitate, narrowly ellipsoid ...... 3. V. aphylla ff. Opposite cauline scales connate for ca. 1/2-2/3 of their length; cauline scales broadly to very broadly ovate, obtuse to rounded apically; calyx lobes broadly ovate, obtuse apically; corolla lobes obtuse apically; anthers with filaments 0.5-1 mm long; ovary sessile, oblong, apically truncate ...... 4. V. truncata ee. Anthers prolonged basally into hairy appendages ca. 1.5 mm long ...... 5. V. stellata dd. Anthers with the filaments 5-15 mm long. g. Corolla to 2.5 cm long; filaments 5-7 mm long, inserted ca. 1/2 or ca. 2/3 above the base of the corolla tube ...... 6. V. pittieri gg. Corolla to 3.5 cm long; filaments ca. 15 mm long, inserted ca. 1 cm above the base of the corolla tube ...... 7. V. pulcherrima cc. Calyx provided within and at the base with a verticil of emarginate scales; ovary with 2 opposite glands. h. Corolla pale blue; ovary very shortly stipitate, with 2 appressed stipitate glands at the base, the basal part of the stipe adnate to the ovary, the upper part ca. 1-2 mm long and free; stigma capitate ...... 8. V. tenella hh. Corolla orange; ovary sessile, with 2 narrowly elliptic glands ca. 0.5 mm above the base; stigma 2-lobed ...... 9. V. bilobata
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