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(Last Modified On 7/30/2013)
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(Last Modified On 7/30/2013)
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Genus
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Ruellia L.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Sp. P1. 634. 1753
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Note
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LECTOTYPE: Ruellia tuberosa L.
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Synonym
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Dipteracanthus Nees in Wallich, PI. Asiat. Rariores 3: 81. 1832. LECTOTYPE: D. postratfls (Poiret) Nees. Aphragmia Nees in Lindl., Nat. Syst. ed. 2. 444. 1836. TYPE: A. haenkei Lindl. Arrhostoxylum Nees in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 57. 1847. LECTOTYPE: A. glabrum Nees.
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Description
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Perennial herbs or shrubs. Leaves petiolate, elliptic, ovate, ovate lanceolate, oblong spathulate, acuminate or obtuse, the margins entire, slightly undulate or repand crenulate. Flowers often large and showy, borne either singly or in various inflorescence forms which are either terminal or axillary or both, regular, sometimes curved, pedicellate; bracts one or absent; bracteoles 2 or absent. Flowers with the calyx 5-merous, mostly equal; corolla red, yellow, white or purple, funnelform, salverform or sometimes saccate, the tubes usually narrow and the expanded portion often campanulate, with five spreading, obtuse lobes; stamens four, didynamous, the anthers 2-celled, muticous at the base; stigma lobes unequal. Capsule oblong or clavate, the dissepiment remains attached to the capsule wall at maturity; seeds flattened with a rim of sticky mucilaginous hairs when wet, glabrous when dry.
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Habit
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herbs or shrubs.
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Distribution
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This genus is worldwide and it occurs in both tropical and temperate regions.
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Key
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a. Corolla over 8 cm long; calyx segments over 3 cm long ...... 15. R. praeclara aa. Corolla under 8 cm long; calyx segments under 3 cm long. b. Inflorescences spicate or in headlike clusters terminating the peduncles; bracts over 2 cm long. c. Inflorescences in headlike clusters terminating the peduncles; corollas under 3 cm long. d. Corolla white or bluish; stamens included ...... 2. R. biolleyi dd. Corollas red; stamens exserted. e. Leaves ovate, over 4 cm wide; bractlets to 6 mm long, apically acute ...... 5a. R. fulgida var. fulgida ee. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, under 3.5 cm wide; bractlets to 15 mm long, apically rounded ...... 5b. R. fildgida var. angustissima cc. Inflorescences spicate; corollas over 3 cm long. f. Inflorescences in short terminal spikes ca. 1 cm long; bracts, leaves, and calyx gland dotted. g. Flowers red ...... 17a. R. tubiflora var. tubiflora gg. Flowers white ...... 17b. R. tubiflora var. tetrasticantha ff. Inflorescences in spikes over 5 cm long; bracts, leaves, and calyx not gland dotted. h. Corolla black or purplish black; calyx over 20 mm long ...... 1. R. anthracina hh. Corolla red or white; calyx under 15 mm long. i. Corolla red; bracts green, leaflike ...... 3. R. colonensis ii. Corolla white; bracts white or yellowish white, spatulate ...... 8. R. leucobracteata bb. Inflorescence paniculate, flowers borne on simple or dichotomously branched peduncles or flowers solitary or in clusters of 2-4 at the leaf axils or the stem tip; bracts under 2 cm long. j. Calyx fused for 2%/ of its length, campanulate; corolla red - 9. R. macrophylla jj. Calyx not fused or fused for less than '/2 its length; corolla white, pink or purplish, but not red. k. Calyx with one segment conspicuously longer than the others ...... 7. R. inundata kk. Calyx with segments equal or nearly so, but none conspicuously longer than the other. 1. Capsules cylindric or elliptic; branches of inflorescence glandular puberulous. m. Leaves ovate to elliptic; stamens slightly exserted ...... 13. R. paniculata mm. Leaves oblong spatulate; stamens included ...... 12. R. nudiflora var. puberula 11. Capsules clavate; branches of inflorescence, if present, eglandular. n. Flowers solitary or in clusters of 2-4 at the leaf axils or stem tip; capsules under 11 mm long. o. Axillary flowers borne singly or in pairs; bracts absent ...... 6. R. geminiflora oo. Axillary flowers in clusters of 3-4; bracts linear, ca. 7 mm long ...... 11. R. metallica nn. Flowers in panicles of simple or dichotomously branched peduncles; capsules over 11 mm long. p. Corolla over 3.5 cm long; capsule over 2 cm long ...... 10. R. inalacospernia pp. Corolla under 3 cm long; capsule under 2 cm long. q. Flowers fascicled at the ends of long peduncles; calyx segments over 20 mm long ...... 2. R. biolleyi qq. Flowers solitary at the ends of peduncles or borne in dichotomously branched cymes; calyx segments under 10 mm long. r. Capsules glabrous; corolla mauve or purplish. s. Peduncles mostly over 10 cm long; bracts oblong-spatulate. ...... 14. R. pittieri ss. Peduncles mostly under 10 cm long; bracts linear oblong ...... 16. R. tonduzii rr. Capsules puberulous or glandular puberulous; corolla white ......4. R. cooperi
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