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(Last Modified On 1/22/2013)
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(Last Modified On 1/22/2013)
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Genus
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ODONTOGLOSSUM HBK.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1:350, t. 85. 1816
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Reference
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Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 3:561. 1883.
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Synonym
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Cuitlauzina La Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 2:32. 1825. Cuitlanzina Lindl. Orch. Sel. 15. 1826. Cuitlauzinia Rchb. Nom. 54. 1841. Lichterveldia Lem. Illustr. Hortic. 2: t. 59. 1855. Osmoglossum Schltr. in Orchis 10:162. 1916, as subgenus.
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Description
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Epiphytic herbs with approximate or rarely distant, usually ovoid or elliptic- oblong, compressed, 1- to 3-leaved pseudobulbs, the bases enveloped in a few distichous, papery or foliaceous bracts. Leaves coriaceous or fleshy. Inflorescences produced from the bases of the pseudobulbs, sometimes short and 1-flowered, more frequently elongate, erect or arching, very rarely pendulous, few- to many-flowered racemes or panicles. Flowers usually large and conspicuous, but sometimes small. Sepals subequal, usually spreading, free or rarely with the lateral sepals united. Petals usually subequal to the dorsal sepal but sometimes broader. Lip 3-lobed or entire, the base continuous with the base of the column, the limb erect or parallel with the column, sometimes shortly adnate to it, the lateral lobes (if present) spreading or erect, the mid-lobe usually deflexed, less frequently spreading or concave, the apex acute, obtuse or emarginate, the disk at the base of the lip variously cristate, denticulate, lamellate, or rarely smooth. Column usually longer and more slender than in Oncidirzn, often clavate, the apex without appendages or sometimes with the margins produced into lobes, auricles, or teeth. Anther terminal, operculate, incumbent, 1-celled or imperfectly 2-celled; pollinia 2, waxy.
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Note
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A large, polymorphic group of highland epiphytes having centers of rich specific and varietal development in the mountains of Mexico and Colombia, with some species ranging as far south as Brazil and Bolivia. As has been pointed out by Dr. Louis Williams in a footnote to the generic key (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 33:7 [Fl. Pan. 32:113]. 1946) the concepts of Odontoglossum, Miltonia, Meso- spinidium, Aspasia, Brassia, Leochilus, and Osmoglossum are technically insepar- able from that of the earlier Oiwidium, and might much more logically be treated as subgeneric sections of that genus. However, the species in each category are generally sufficiently distinctive to be readily recognizable by the average amateur, only the border-line species presenting any great difficulty. Practical ends seem to be better served by the maintainance of these entities as distinct, particularly for a treatment of this type, with the single exception of Osmoglossum, which, it appears, was never properly described or published, having been listed by Schlechter merely as a subgenus. Five species have been known from Panama, and a sixth, Odontoglossum convallarioides, which is very common in the highlands of adjacent Costa Rica, may possibly be represented in our series of specimens by a single fragmentary collection.
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Key
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a. Apex of the pseudobulbs monophyllous. b. Inflorescences racemose. Plants robust, the pseudobulbs distantly inserted on an elongate rhizome .................................................. 2. O. CHIRIQUENSE bb. Inflorescences 1-flowered. Plants dwarf, the pseudobulbs approxi- m ate . ..................................... . . . ............................... 5. O. OERSTEDII aa. Apex of the pseudobulbs di- or triphyllous. b. Inflorescences paniculate ........................................................................ 1. O. CARINIFERUM bb. Inflorescences racemose. c. Flowers small, sepals 15 mm. long or less. Leaves narrowly linear. d. Lateral sepals connate for more than half their length ...........4. O. EGERTONI dd. Lateral sepals not connate .............................................................. 3. O. CONVALLARIOIDES cc. Flowers large, sepals 30 mm. long or more. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate ......................... 6. O. SCHLIEPERIANUM
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