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Published In: Species Plantarum 2: 619. 1753. (1 May 1753) (Sp. Pl.) Name publication detailView in BotanicusView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
 

Project Name Data (Last Modified On 5/9/2022)
Acceptance : Accepted
Project Data     (Last Modified On 7/24/2018)
Contributor Text : M. Qaiser, S. Khatoon and Hamidullah
Contributor Institution : Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi-Pakistan

 

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Annual, biennial or perennial, herbs or small shrubs, glabrous or hairy, hairs often stinking. Leaves opposite or the upper alternate, entire to 3-pinnatisect, translucently dotted. Inflorescence lax, a terminal, simple or somewhat branched thyrse, cymes axillary or terminal, racemose or spicate. Flowers small, rarely rather large, green-purple, dirty brown or yellow. Calyx deeply 5 lobed, lobes obtuse – circular, rarely slightly acute to acuminate. Corolla tube inflated, globose or oblong with a bilabiate limb, lobes 5, short, flat, 4 upper erect, lower spreading. Stamens 4, didynamous, declined, included or exserted, the fifth stamen usually represented by a scale-like staminode or absent, dehiscing by apical transverse slits. Disc oblique, style slender or rarely with capitate stigma, stigma notched. Capsule ovoid or subglobose, acute or beaked, septicidal, valves entire or bifid at apex. Seeds many or few, ovoid or oblong, wrinkled or pitted.

A genus with c. 200 species, mainly distributed in Asia, Europe and N. America. Represented in Pakistan by 19 species.

 

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1.

+

Sepals acute to acuminate.

 

2

 

–       

Sepals obtuse.

 

3

2.

+

Leaves 20-45 mm broad. Sepals not scarious margined.

 

 

8. S. calycina

 

 

Leaves 1-5 mm broad. Sepals scarious margined.

 

 

19. S. elegantissima

 

3.

+

Leaves in basal rosettes. Inflorescence usually scapose. Cauline leaves usually absent or very few.

 

 

 

4

 

Leaves alternate or opposite but not in basal rosettes. Inflorescence not scapose. Cauline leaves usually well developed.

 

 

 

7

 

4.

+

Sepals and staminode ± glandular puberulent.

 

 

3. S. rodinii

 

 

Sepals and staminode completely glabrous.

 

 

5

 

5.

+

Scarious margin of the sepals 0.3-0.5 mm broad. Corolla 5-7 mm long. Staminode c. 1 mm broad. Style 1.5-4 mm long.

 

 

12. S. koelzii

 

Scarious margin of the sepals 0.1-0.25 mm broad. Corolla 3-5 mm long. Staminode 0.5-0.8 mm broad. Style 3-5 mm long.

 

 

 

 

6

 

6.

+

Stem fistulose, ± winged. Peduncle 1.5-3.5 cm long. Staminode broadly ovate to orbicular.

 

 

1. S. omeri

 

Stem solid,  not winged.  Peduncle 1.5-2 (-2.5) cm long. Staminode linear-clavate or spathulate.

 

 

 

2. S. nudata

 

7.

+

All cauline leaves alternate. Staminode ± equalling the posterior corolla lobe.

 

17. S. striata

 

 

All cauline leaves opposite or at least lower cauline leaves opposite. Staminode smaller than the posterior corolla lobe.

 

8

8.

+

Capsule 1.5-2 mm long. Leaves dentate, not pinnatipartite or pinnatisect.

 

18. S. desertii

 

Capsule (2-) 3-5 (-6) mm long (if 2 mm long then leaves pinnatipartite or pinnatisect).

 

9

9.

+

Sepals externally glandular pubescent.

 

10

 

 

Sepals externally glabrous.

 

11

 

10.

+

Staminode glabrous. Corolla 6-9 mm long.

 

 

14. S. decomposita

 

 

Staminode glandular pubescent. Corolla 2-4 mm long.

 

 

7. S. polyantha

 

11.

+

Lower stem distinctly winged.

 

6. S. umbrosa

 

 

Stem either wingless or obscurely winged.

 

12

12.

+

Sepals 3.5-4 mm long.

 

11. S. stenothyrsa

 

Sepals up to 3 mm long.

13

 

13.

+

Staminode 0.5 x 0.3 mm.

9. S. scabiosaefolia

 

 

Staminode 1-1.5 x 0.5-2.5 mm.

14

 

14.

+

Staminode acute.

15

 

Staminode obtuse (± flabellate to spathulate).

 

 

17

 

15.

+

Leaves 20-40 (-50) mm broad. Petiole 25-60 mm long. Basal cymes 5-7 (-9) flowered.

 

 

 

10. S. stewartii

 

 

Leaves up to 12 (-15) mm broad. Petiole up to 10 (-15 mm long). Basal cymes up to 3-flowered.

 

 

 

16

 

16.

+

Plants up to 30 cm tall. At least upper part of stem glandular puberulent. Leaves usually dentate. Peduncle 3-6 (-10) mm long.

 

 

 

15. S. dentata

 

 

Plants 30-60 cm tall. Stem glabrous. Leaves lobed. Peduncle 10-25 mm long.

 

 

16. S. scoparia

 

17.

+

Thyrse 45 cm long. Basal cymes 15-flowered. Peduncle 4 mm long.

 

 

13. S. edelbergii 

 

 

Thyrse up to 30 cm long. Basal cymes 1-7-flowered. Peduncle 3-40 mm long.

 

 

18

 

18.

+

Stem usually single or sparingly branched at the base, fistulose. Petiole winged. Peduncle less than 1 cm long. Scarious margin of the sepal 0.5-1 mm broad.

 

 

 

 

4. S. jafrii

 

 

Stem usually in clumps, solid. Petiole not winged. Peduncle 1-4 cm long. Scarious margin of the sepals 0.3-0.5 mm broad.

 

 

 

19

 

19.

+

Peduncle c. 1 cm long. Calyx lobes orbicular 3 x 2.5 mm. Style 4 mm long. Staminode suborbicular-reniform, c. 1.5 mm broad.

 

 

 

 

12. S. koelzii

 

 

Peduncle up to 4 cm long. Calyx lobes broadly ovate 2 x 1.5 mm. Style ± 6 mm long. Staminode subrounded to elliptic, 0.7-1 mm broad.

 

 

 

5. S. variegata

 
 
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