1. Bunias erucago  Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 670. 1753. TYPE: “Habitat Monspelii in agris humidiusculis.” Lectotype designated by Hedge (see Jarvis 2007: 365): Herb. Clifford: 340, Bunias 1 (BM-000646379).

     Herbs, annual, with multicellular glandular tubercles throughout except for flowers. Trichomes simple and stalked forked. Stems 1.5–7(–10) dm, simple or branched at base and above, often white hispid below with simple trichomes, glabrous above. Basal leaves not rosulate; petioles 1–6(–10) cm; leaf blade lanceolate in outline, (1–)3–19(–30) cm, lyrate to sinuate-pinnatifid or runcinate-pinnatisect; lateral lobes oblong or lanceolate, smaller than terminal lobe; uppermost leaves subsessile, lanceolate or sublinear, dentate or entire. Fruiting pedicels (0.9–)1.5–2.5(–3) cm, slender, divaricate, straight. Sepals yellowish green, oblong, 3–4 x 1–1.7 mm, ascending to spreading, glabrous; petals yellow, obovate to broadly so, (8–)10–13 x 4–6 mm; claw minute or absent; filaments yellowish, 3.5–6 mm; anthers oblong, 1–1.5 mm. Fruits subquadrangular, (8–)9–13(–14) x 4–6.5 mm, glabrous, woody, with 4 irregularly dentate wings, tuberculate, 4-loculed; valves not distinct; style 3.5–5(–6) mm; stigma entire. Seeds 3–4 per fruit, subglobose to ovoid, plump, 2–3.5 mm. 2n = 14.

Flowering: Apr–Jul.

Habitat: roadsides, fields, pastures, disturbed areas, waste places.

Distribution: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovenia, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Serbia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, W Turkey; naturalized in Asia (China), United States (Pennsylvania, Virgina).