Cardamine angulata W. J. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 44. 1829. TYPE :

Cardamine angulata var. alba Nuttall, in Torrey & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 84. 1838. TYPE:

Cardamine angulata var. hirsuta O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 407. 1903. TYPE:

Cardamine angulata var. pentaphylla O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 407. 1903. TYPE:

Cardamine helleriana O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 547. 1903. TYPE:

Dentaria grandiflora Rafinesque, Atlantic J.-Extra of No. 6 (Herb. Raf.) 47. 1833. TYPE:

Herbs, perennial, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Rhizomes slender, cylindrical, to 2 mm in diam.; stolons absent. Stems (1.5–)2.5–8.5(–10) dm, erect, simple, sparsely to densely hirsute at base. Rhizomal leaves 3(or 5)-foliolate, (4–)7–20(–22) cm; petiole (2–)4–12(–14) cm; terminal leaflet ovate to broadly lanceolate, 1.5–7(–9) cm, with a petiolule (0.3–)0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, rarely subreniform or obtuse, margin 3–5(–7)-lobed or -toothed, puberulent; lateral leaflets about as large as or smaller than terminal leaflet, subsessile, margin same as terminal leaflet; cauline leaves (3 or)4–8, 3(or 5)-foliotate; petiole 1–4 cm, base not auriculate; terminal lobe broadly ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 2–7 × 0.6–4 cm, minutely pubescent along margin, petiolulate or sessile; lateral leaflets similar to terminal one but smaller, sessile, margin dentate or rarely entire. Racemes ebracteate; fruiting pedicels ascending to divaricate, (0.9–)1.2–2.5 cm. Sepals oblong, 2.5–4 × 1.3–2 mm, erect, base of lateral pair saccate; petals white or rarely pinkish, obovate, 8–15 × 4–8 mm, clawed, apex rounded or emarginate; median filament pairs 3.5–6 mm, lateral pair 2–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.8–1.2 mm. Fruit linear, 1.5–3.2 cm × 1.4–2 mm; valves glabrous; style (0.5–)1–4 mm; ovules and seeds 10–16 per fruit. Seeds dark brown, oblong, 1.8–2.3 × 1–1.2 mm. 2n = 40.

Flowering; Apr–Jun.

Habitat: moist grounds, streambanks, swampy or damp woods, thickets, wet meadows.

Elevation: 0–900 m.

Distribution: Canada (British Columbia), United States (Alaska, N California, Oregon, Washington).