Cardamine macrophylla Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 3: 484. 1800, non Schur, Enu. Pl. Transsilv. 49. 1866; D. macrophylla (Willdenow) Bunge ex Maximowicz;

Cardamine macrophylla var. crenata Trautvetter;

Cardamine macrophylla var. dentarifolia J. D. Hooker & T. Anderson;

Cardamine macrophylla var. diplodonta T. Y. Cheo;

Cardamine macrophylla var. foliosa J. D. Hooker & T. Anderson;

Cardamine macrophylla var. lobata J. D. Hooker & T. Anderson;

Cardamine macrophylla var. moupinensis Franchet;

Cardamine polyphylla D. Don 1825, not O. E. Schulz (1903); C. macrophylla subsp. polyphylla (D. Don) O. E. Schulz; C. macrophylla var. polyphylla (D. Don) T. Y. Cheo & R. C. Fang;

Cardamine macrophylla var. sikkimensis J. D. Hooker & T. Anderson;

Cardamine sachalinensis Miyabe & Miyake;

Cardamine sinomanshurica (Kitagawa) Kitagawa;

Cardamine urbaniana O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 396. 1903. TYPE: China, Sichan, Augustine Henry 5635 (lectotype, here designated, B!; isolectotypes, GH!, US!).

Dentaria gmelinii Tausch,

Dentaria sinomanshurica Kitagawa,

Dentaria wallichii G. Don,

Dentaria willdenowii Tausch,

            Herbs, perennial, Rhizomes creeping, not scaly, slender or stout and with tuberous knots, 2–10(–30) mm in diam., not stoloniferous Stems (2–)3–9.5(–11.5) dm. stout or slender, erect, simple or rarely branched above, glabrous, hirsute, or pilose. Rhizomal leaves (4–)10–40(–50) cm; petiole (1–)3–20(–25) cm; terminal leaflet lanceolate, elliptic, oblong, ovate, or obovate, (1–)2–15(–25) ´ (0.5–)1–3.5(–5) cm, sessile or petiolulate, base cuneate, margin serrate, crenate, dentate, or rarely 3–5-lobed, apex acuminate, acute, or subobtuse; lateral leaflets (1 or)2–6 pairs, similar to terminal but smaller; cauline leaves 3–12(–18); petiole (1–)2–5(–6.5) cm, not auriculate at base; terminal leaflet narrowly ovate, lanceolate, elliptic, or oblong, rarely obovate or lanceolate-linear, (2–)4–12(–20) ´ 1–4(–5) cm, glabrous or pubescent, with sessile or with a petiolule to 1 cm, base cuneate, margin ciliolate and crenate, serrate, or serrulate, rarely subentire or double serrate, apex acute, rarely acuminate; lateral leaflets 2–7(–11) pairs, sessile petiolulate, base cuneate or terminal or all pairs obliquely decurrent, similar to but slightly smaller than terminal leaflet. Racemes ebracteate, 10–30-flowered; fruiting pedicels ascending or rarely divaricate, (0.3–)0.8–2.5(–3.1) cm, straight, stout. Sepals oblong, 3.5–6.5(–8) ´ 1.5–3 mm; petals purple or lilac, obovate to spatulate, (0.8–)1–1.7 cm ´ 3.5–8 mm, apex rounded or rarely subemarginate; median filament pairs 7–9(–11) mm, lateral pair 6–7 mm; anthers oblong, 1–2(–2.5) mm; ovules 8–12(–16) per ovary. Fruit linear, (2.2–)2.5–6(–7) cm ´ 1.5–2.5(–3) mm; gynophore 0.5–3 mm; valves smooth, sparsely pubescent or glabrous; style (1–)2–6.5(–9) mm. Seeds brown, ovoid to oblong, (1.5–)2–3(–4) ´ 1–1.7(–2) mm. 2n = 64, 80, 96.

Flowering: (Mar–)Apr–Oct.

Habitat: damp forests, river banks, tundra, rock crevices, meadows, damp woodlands, thickets, streamsides, valleys, ravines, mountain slopes, amongst boulders.

Elevation: 500–4200 m.

Distribution: Bhutan, China (Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India (Lahul, Sikkim), Japan, Kashmir, Kazakstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia (Far East).