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(Last Modified On 2/7/2013)
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(Last Modified On 2/7/2013)
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Family
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ANNONACEAE
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Contributor
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R. E. FRIES
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Description
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Trees and shrubs with alternate and exstipulate leaves, always quite entire at the margins. Flowers generally trimerous. Sepals 3, valvate or imbricate. Petals generally 6, in two series, valvate or imbricate, free or rarely connate at the base, mostly conspicuously longer than the sepals; the inner petals often smaller, some- times rudimentary or even absent. Stamens generally numerous; filaments short; anther cells adnate, the connective broad, usually expanded in a more or less truncate or hoodlike disc above the anther; the anther cells sometimes transversely septate by thin, horizontal membranes (anthers locellate). Carpels numerous, rarely few or solitary, generally free; ovules 1 or more. Fruiting carpels free (mono- carps) or united in a dry or fleshy mass. Seeds with or without an aril, with copious ruminate endosperm; embryo minute.
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Habit
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Trees and shrubs
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Distribution
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This large family, which is of pantropic distribution, is represented in America by 36 genera.
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Note
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Two of them (Annona and Xylopia) occur also in Africa, two also in tropical Asia (Artabotrys and Xylopia). Only 14 genera and 41 indigenous species are recorded at present from Panama but there is no doubt that further investigations will show that more are to be found in the country. Some species of Annona (in particular muricata L., squamosa L., reticulate L., and ChI-rimolia Mill.) are grown in the tropics for their edible fruits, and one or two of them are probably also cultivated in Panama. Only in respect to the last named, however, was any material from Panama available at the time when this was written. In the following, only the species known to grow wild in the Republic of Panama will be considered.
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Reference
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Standley in his "Flora of the Panama Canal Zone" (in Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 27: 1-415. 1928) "The Flora of Barro Colorado Island, Panama" (in Contr. Arnold Arboretum 5: 1-178. 1933).
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Key
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a. Anthers not transversely septate. b. Petals not caudate-cuspidate. c. Flowers axillary. d. Petals imbricate. e. Connective of the stamens not expanded above the anther. ...............2. OXANDRA. ee. Connective expanded into a truncate disk above the anther. f. Ovule attached close to the upper end of the ovary and pendulous, sometimes located lower down, but not basal; pedicel nearly always with a small bract above the articulation ...............-1. CREMASTOSPERMA. ff. Ovule basal, erect; pedicel without a bract above the articulation ............- 3. GUATTERIA. dd. Petals valvate. e. Petals not keeled on the inner surface; ovules lateral, usually few to several, rarely solitary and, if so, attached near the lower or upper end of the ovary; monocarps irregularly bursting .................- 4. UNONOPSIS ee. All petals, or only the inner, keeled on the inner surface above the middle; ovules 2, erect, basal; monocarps open- ing on the inside by a longitudinal split ........- 6. ANAXAGOREA. cc. Flowers not axillary, more or less opposite the leaves. d. Petals imbricate. e. Pubescence of simple hairs; monocarps stipitate, free .......9. MALMEA. ee. Pubescence of stellate hairs or stellate scales; monocarps sessile, often concrete -............12. DUGUETIA. dd. Petals, at least the outer, valvate. e. Monocarps free, stipitate -.............7. DESMOPSIS. ee. Monocarps sessile, united into a dry or fleshy mass. f. Outer petals without wings or spurs ...........13. ANNONA. ff. Outer petals produced into wings or spurs - ...........14. ROLLINIA. bb. Petals long caudate-cuspidate; ovules lateral ...............8. STENANONA. aa. Anthers transversely septate. b. Pedicels with bracts ..........5. XYLOPIA. bb. Pedicels entirely without bracts. c. Petals not saccate ..... 10. PORCELIA. cc. Inner petals large, saccate, with involute margins ......... 11. CYMBOPETALUM.
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