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(Last Modified On 7/8/2013)
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(Last Modified On 7/8/2013)
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Family
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OLEACEAE
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Contributor
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W. G. D'AiRCy
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Description
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Trees, shrubs or woody vines, evergreen or deciduous; pubescence of weak, simple hairs and usually of peltate glandular trichomes which in many groups are fused to the surfaces and present a punctate appearance. Leaves simple or pinnately compound, entire, lobed or serrate, pinnately veined, the undersides often punctate; mostly petiolate; exstipulate. Inflorescences in dichasial panicles or cymes, rarely solitary, mostly terminal; peduncles and pedicels bracteate. Flowers mostly perfect, often fragrant, pedicellate; calyx mostly cupular with 4-8 often somewhat unequal teeth; corolla mostly white or yellow but sometimes reddish, basally united into a tube, the limb obsolete, the 4-9 lobes usually form- ing more than half the corolla length, imbricate or valvate in bud; stamens 2(4), the filaments slender, inserted on the corolla tube, opposite one another and alter- nate with the corolla lobes, the anthers mostly oblong, the connective broad, apiculate, dehiscence longitudinal; style simple, apically divided into 2, mostly flat, deltoid to fusiform lobes, the lobes ventrally stigmatic, the ovary 2(-4)- carpellate and loculed with 1-2(-19) ovules in each locule, the ovules ascending or pendulous, anatropous or amphitropous. Fruits samaras, capsules or drupes, 1-4-seeded; seeds with a hard endocarp, albuminous or not. Chromosome num- bers mostly x = 23 but differing in some genera.
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Habit
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Trees, shrubs or woody vines
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Distribution
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This family includes some 400 species in 20-30 genera best developed in Asia. Of the 4 genera reported in Panama, only Chionanthus has species native to the New World and Panama.
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Note
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The Oleaceae includes the important crop plant Olea europaea L. (olive, aceituno), and the important lumber trees Fraxinus (ash, fresnos). Many species are cultivated as ornamentals.
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Reference
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Johnson, L. A. S. 1957. A review of the family Oleaceae. Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 2: 395-418. Knoblauch, E. 1892. Oleaceae. In A. Engler & K. Prantl (editors), Die natur- lichen Pflanzenfamilien. IV. 2: Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. Taylor, H. 1945. Cyto-taxonomy and phylogeny of the Oleaceae. Brittonia 5: 337-367. Wilson, K. A. & C. E. Wood. 1959. The genera of Oleaceae in the Southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 40: 369-384.
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Key
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a. Corolla lobes many times longer than the tube and limb; united portion of corolla not exceeding the calyx; native trees ...... 1. Chionanthus aa. Corolla lobes about as long as or shorter than the tube and limb; united portion of corolla much exceeding the calyx; cultivated or escaping trees, shrubs or vines. b. Anthers exserted (Panama) ...... 3. Ligustrum bb. Anthers included. c. Corolla salverform, the tube narrow; cultivated and escaping vines and shrubs ...... 2. Jasminum cc. Corolla urceolate, globose, the tube cupular; cultivated tree ...... 4. Noronhia
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