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(Last Modified On 6/17/2013)
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(Last Modified On 6/17/2013)
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Species
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Montanoa hibiscifolia (Benth.) Standley
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PlaceOfPublication
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Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1533. 1926.
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Synonym
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Montagnaea hibiscifolia Benth. in Orst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 89. 1852. TYPE: not seen. Montanoa hibiscifolia (Benth.) D'Arcy, Phytologia 30: 5. 1975, redundant comb.
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Description
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Shrub to 4 m tall; branches slender, puberulent with a mixture of erect, spreading, long-celled hairs and weak, collapsed, reddish, short-celled hairs. Leaves opposite, to 25 cm long, mostly 3-9-lobed, deltoid to broadly ovate, apically acuminate, basally obtuse, truncate or cordate, the sinuses rounded, the margins irregularly crenate-dentate, 3-veined from near the base, softly tomentose and glandular beneath, tomentulose and drying darker above; petiole to 15 cm long, tomentose and canaliculate on the dorsal surface, basally expanding to clasp the stem, sometimes apically auriculate. Inflorescence an open, many flowered panicle; rachis and pedicels tomentulose; paired bracts decreasing in size upwards; bracteoles scalelike, sometimes solitary along the ultimate branches. Heads radiate, showy, 2.5-3 cm across in flower, 2-2.5 cm across in fruit; involucral bracts lanceolate, ca. 3 mm long, herbaceous, grey-puberulent, spine-tipped; paleas completely enfolding the ovary and only slightly exceeding it; ray florets 6-10 in one series, the corollas with a short tube and the limb 10-15 mm long, narrowly spathulate, denticulate, dorsally puberulent and glandular, ovary abortive; disc florets numerous forming a globose disc 7-8 mm across, the limb broadly tubular, the lobes incurved, the tube short, ascending pubescent and glandular, the anthers ca. 1.8 mm long with hyaline apical lobes, basally obtuse or subauriculate, the style branches cuneiform, the style base slightly contracted, the nectary a large, cupular, stipitate structure, the ovary quadrangular, pappus a single short, stout, deciduous awn. Achene dark, quadrate, rugulose, glabrous, epappose, ca. 3 mm long.
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Habit
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Shrub
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Note
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Montanoa hibiscifolia is a large, apparently open shrub with slender branches and large, lobed leaves. The heads enlarge and change dramatically in appearance as the slender, porrect, yellow or white ligules disappear and the paleas enlarge into papery, minutely striate sacs loosely enveloping the small achenes. In some species of Montanoa, the paleas develop conspicuous, recurved apical hooks, but in this species the apices become small, straight bristles.
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Distribution
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Montanoa has been collected only once in Panama. It ranges to Mexico (Chiapas). The type locality is in Costa Rica.
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Specimen
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CHIRIQUI: Valley of the upper Rio Chiriqui Viejo, White & White 113 (MO).
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