Published In:
Flora der Provinz Brandenburg 1: 572. 1864. ( Fl. Brandenburg) 
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(Last Modified On 6/2/2011)
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Acceptance
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Accepted
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(Last Modified On 6/3/2011)
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Synonym Text:
Blitum virgatum L., Sp. Pl.: 4. 1753. Chenopodium virgatum (L.) Ambrosi, Fl. Tirolo mer. 2: 179. 1857, non Thunb. 1815; Boiss., Fl. Or. 4: 905. 1879; Chenopodium blitum F.Muell., Select Pl., Additions: 11. 1874; Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 5: 5. 1886.
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Flower/Fruit:
Fl. & Fr. Per.: May-October.
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Type:
Type: ‘Süddeutschland einheimisch’
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Habitat:
Rocky mountain slopes, dry grasslands, slopes and banks, open forests, near stream sides, fields. 1500-3500 m.
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Distribution:
Distribution: From the Himalayas (Bhutan in the east) and the Altai Mts. to Afghanistan, Iran, Caucasus, N Iraq, Palestine, Cyprus, Turkey, mountainous southern Europe; naturalized in C and E Europe, and locally in N America and N and S Africa.
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Comment/Acknowledgements:
C. foliosum is usually easy to recognize because of its red, berry-like glomerules. However, depauperate plants and late-season branches of C. foliosum may have dry, non-succulent glomerules. C. foliosum has larger seeds than its relatives in our area (C. litwinowii and C. korshinskyi). However, in C. foliosum seed size may decrease from main stem fruits to those produced later in the season on side branches. The record of C. capitatum (L.) Ambrosi by Pampanini (Fl. Caracorùm: 100. 1930) from the Hunza valley is probably an error or based on cultivated plants: in Europe C. foliosum has often been confused with C. capitatum, a North American species, previously cultivated and naturalized in Europe. C. capitatum has ebracteate inflorescences and succulent, violet glomerules.
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Map Location:
A-7 Gilgit dist.: About 8 miles from Nomal on way to Naltar, 15.7.1977, Kamal Akhtar & M. Qaiser 596 (KUH); Chitral dist.: Madaklash, NE of Drosh, 10,000 ft., 14.8.1958, J.D.A.Stainton 3133 (BM, W); Hindukush, upper Ishkuman, upper Baru Gah, 3320 m, 10.9.1991, G. Miehe & S. Mehe 6811 (Hb. Miehe); A-8 Gilgit dist.: Hunza, Manapin, c. 22 km from Aliabad, climbing Daran Preak Glacier, Charkin forest, 2400 m, 16.10.1989, S. I. Ali, W.Suyong, T.Ali & G.Ke 3581 (KUH); Naltar valley, 11,000 ft., 19.7.1954, R. .R.. Stewart 4841 (RAW); Hunza, Naltar-Tal, Jagot, 3215 m, 19.7.1974, F. Gartner s.n. (GZU); ibid. 3100-3300 m, 3.8.1974, F. Gartner 22 (GZU); ibid, Biet jari, 3100 m, 2.8.1974, F. Gartner (GZU); Chitral dist.: Drosh (Painogh), 10,500 ft., 31.7.1958, S. A. Bowes Lyon 174 (BM); N slope of Lowari Top, descending towards Drosh, 2500 m, 16.6.1987, A. Ghafoor & S. Omer 2454 (KUH); Lowari Top, 9-10,000 ft., 16.7.1963, M.A.Siddiqi 2285 (RAW); B-7 Swat dist.: Kalam 13.8. s.n. coll. ignot. 1607 (KUH); Tabba, 9000 ft., 18.7.1963, E. Nasir & M. A. Siddiqi 2304 (RAW); Kaghan, Kaghan valley, 7000 ft., 26.6.1953, S.M.A.Kazmi (KUH); Ushu to Batain, 8000 ft., 27.7.1953, R. R. Stewart & A. Rahman 25239 (RAW); Kaghan, 12.8.1971, S. Abedin & M.Qaiser 8946 (KUH); 2 miles from Battakundi on way to Babusar, 12.8.1971, S. Abedin & M. Qaiser 8965 (KUH); Hazara dist: Near Batakundi on way to Gilgit, 1.9.1972, M.Qaiser & A.Ghafoor 5318 (KUH); Two miles from Nathiagali on way to Abbottabad, 5.7.1977, Kamal & M.Qaiser 124 (KUH); Hazara, Kaghan valley, Saiful Malook to Naran, Aug. 1970, Iftikhar & Mehmood 248 (H); Burawai, on bank of River Kunhar, 11.9.1971, S.M.A.Kazmi 3635 (H); B-8 Haji Pir Panjal, 9000 ft., July 1934, Mohindar Nath 431 (KUH); B-9 Kashmir, Baltistan Hushe River 3 miles north of Kande, 9500 ft., 3.7.1955, G.L.Webster & E. Nasir 5938 (G); C-5 N Wazirstan dist.: Razmak, 19.5.1974, M.Qaiser 6274 (KUH); C-7 Murree Hills, 26.5.1978, S. Nazimuddin & S. Abedin 1231 (KUH); Murree, 26.5.1951, M.Younas Kiani (KUH); On way to Kashmir Point, 7000 ft., 6.9.1969, Saida Qureshi 251 (KUH); ibid. 7000 ft., 19.6.1964, M.A.Siddiqi 2700 (RAW); D-4 Baluchistan, Sibi dist.: Ziarat, 8000 ft., 24.6.1957, Jafri & Akbar 2072 (K, LE); ibid, near Governor’s House, 10.6.1970, M.Qaiser & A.Ghafoor 1430 (KUH); 11.9.1970, S.A.Farooqi & M.Qaiser 2384 (KUH); 8000 ft., 28.5.1968, Zaffar Ali 4762 (RAW); ibid, May 1981, Rasool Baksh 1 (KUH); ibid, 13.6.1980, Arshad Durani 131 (RAW); ibid, 16.5.1984, S.Omer & A.Ghafoor 1484 (KUH); Quetta dist. Wali Tangi, 22.5.1984, S.Omer & A.Ghafoor 1772 (KUH); Wali Tangi, 5.7.1987, S.Khatoon & Mola Bakhsh 488 (KUH); Aug. 1977, S.Sajid Raza (KUH); Sasnaman, Juniperus forest region, 30.6.1981, S.M.Sarwar Alam 85 (KUH); 3 miles from Urak on way to Wali Tangi, 9.6.1970, . M.Qaiser & A.Ghafoor 1384 (KUH); E-4 Baluchistan, Shreen, May 1981, Rasool Bakhsh 61 (KUH).
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Almost glabrous annual or sometimes short-lived perennial, to 50(-80) cm; stems yellowish to red, erect to ascending, branches ± spreading, mainly at middle of stem. Leaves somewhat fleshy, pure green, sometimes red; basal leaves long-petiolate, blade 3-9(-12) cm, triangular, coarsely dentate - serrate; blade of middle cauline leaves hastate, middle-lobe with a few teeth or entire; bracts lanceolate with forward-projecting to spreading basal lobes and several teeth, sometimes entire; lobes and teeth spreading to forward-projecting, almost never reflexed. Inflorescence of spicately arranged axillary, (sub)sessile, compact, globose glomerules, up to 10 mm in diameter. Flowers bisexual or female. Perianth segments 3-5, connate below the middle, in fruit usually becoming red and succulent, on branches and in exceptional conditions often remaining greenish and dry. Stamens 1-5. Stigmas 2, short. Seeds mostly vertical, dark red - brown, 1.0-1.4 mm in diameter, mostly roundish in outline, margin obtuse - truncate, in part prominently grooved; testa dull, with obscurely reticulate striations.
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