Tropicos | Name - Empogona concolor (N. Hallé) Tosh & Robbr.

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Threat. pl. Gabon > Empogona concolor

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Empogona concolor (N. Hallé) Tosh & Robbr.

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Project Name Data (Last Modified On 2/14/2019)

Acceptance : Accepted

Taxon Profile (Last Modified On 10/28/2021)

Description : Shrub or tree up to 10 m tall with entirely glabrous ends. Bark scaly, strong-smelling, bitter. Opposite branches stripped. Tubular stipules about 3 mm long, truncated, devoid of acumen. Glabrous petiole leaves; blade red-brown subcoriaceous subconcolor, papery, glabrous, elliptical; base briefly acute; summit with acute acumen. Hairless armpits. Inflorescences inserted above the armpits, solitary opposite, contracted cymose, provided at the base with large scales. Sessile, white, pentamerous flowers. Glabrous calyx with ciliolate ovate lobes. Corolla with glabrous tube. Fruit (berry) whitish, glabrous with stalk increasing 4-6 mm long, soft, crowned by persistent lobes of the calyx (Hallé, 1970).

Arbuste atteignant 10 m de hauteur à extrémités entièrement glabres. Ecorce écailleuse, à forte odeur, amère. Branches opposées décussées. Stipules tubuleuses sur environ 3 mm, tronquées, dépourvues d'acumen. Feuilles à pétiole glabre ; limbe subcoriace brun-roux subconcolore, papyracé, glabre, elliptique ; base brièvement aiguë ; sommet avec acumen aigu. Aisselles nervaires glabres. Inflorescences insérées au-dessus des aisselles, solitaires opposées, contractées cymeuses, munies à la base de larges écailles. Fleurs sessiles, blanches, pentamères. Calice glabre à lobes ovés ciliolés. Corolle à tube glabre. Fruit (baie) blanchâtre, glabre à pédoncule accrescent long de 4-6 mm, mou, couronné par des lobes persistants du calice.

Habitus : Shrub up to 7 m, Tree

Phenology : Flowers have been observed in march, july and november; fruits in july.

Habitat : Known from saxicolous forest on inselbergs and terra firme and sub-montane forests, between 350 and 1,000 m in elevation.

Distribution : Gabon, Equatorial Guinea

Distribution Note : The species is endemic to Central Africa, occurring in Gabon and Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni). It is known from 12 collections made between 1966 (Hallé 119) and 2007 (Leal 1558), of which 10 were made in Gabon, in particular on the inselbergs of the Monts de Cristal (Estuary province) and Milobo (Woleu-Ntem province), as well as in the regions of Belinga and Lopé (Ogooué-Ivindo province). Two collections were made by Senterre (3309; 4003) in 2002 and 2003 in the Monte Alén National Park (Rio Muni, mainland part of Equatorial Guinea).

Phytogeographical type : Région Guinéo-Congolaise, Domaine Bas-Guinéen, type phytogéographique liaison refuge-continental.

Note : Although mainly in Gabon, it is likely that this species is present in southern Cameroon and the west part of the Republic of Congo.

Literature :

Case Study : Ivindo, Monts de Cristal

Conservation assessment (Last Modified On 10/28/2021)

Red List Category : Vulnerable

Status of Conservation Assessment : Published on the Red List

Date of assessment : 28 May 2020

Assessment rationale : Empogona concolor is a shrub or a tree up to 10 m high, known from saxicolous forest on inselbergs and terra firme or submontane forests, between 350 and 1,000 m in elevation. The species is endemic to Lower Guinea occurring in Gabon and Equatorial Guinea. It is known from 12 collections made between 1966 and 2007, of which 10 were made in Gabon, in particular on the inselbergs of the Monts de Cristal (Estuaire province) and Milobo (Woleu-Ntem province), as well as in the regions of Bélinga and La Lopé (Ogooué-Ivindo province). Two collections were made in 2002 and 2003 in the Monte Alén National Park (Rio Muni, mainland of Equatorial Guinea). These twelve collections represent 10 occurrences and four to eight subpopulations. Considering the forest coverage which is still important in these areas, we consider that none of the occurrences are extirpated. Based on a 2 km x 2 km cell size, the area of occupancy (AOO) of this species is estimated as 44 km², below the upper threshold for “Endangered” status under Criterion B2. The extent of occurrence (EOO) is calculated as 66,488 km², above the upper threshold for “Vulnerable” status under Criterion B1. The two occurrences located within the Monte Alén NP in Equatorial Guinea represent one non-threatened subpopulation and, therefore, we consider it as one location. The occurrence of Bélinga is threatened by projected mining activities, which is expected to lead to its future disappearance. The nine other occurrences are located outside of protected areas and within six different logging concessions. However, five occurrences are located on inselbergs and are not threatened by logging although they are in two logging concessions. These five occurrences represent two locations. The four occurrences that are not situated on inselbergs are threatened by logging, which induces a decline in the quality of its habitat and represent four locations. As a consequence, these twelve occurrences represent eight locations (sensu IUCN 2019), with regards to the most important threat (logging). Based on the future disappearance of the occurrence in Bélinga, we infer a future decline in its AOO, EOO, the number of locations, and the number of mature individuals. Moreover, we infer a current and a future continuous decline in the extent and the quality of its habitat. This species is thus assessed as VU B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v).

Red List DOI Paste here the link the Red List website

: https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T32087A173324404.en.

Disclaimer : This assessment was prepared on 28 May 2020. The map proposed below is only based on the specimens available on Tropicos, therefore, may not correspond to the information provided in the assessment rationale.

Conservation measures : Two occurrences are located within the Monte Alén National Park in Equatorial Guinea. However, since this species is threatened by logging and mining activities, various conservation measures should be considered. First, increasing the level of protection in the protected area where the species occur should be considered. Second, the species should be sought in the Waka National Park and Lopé National Park where it can occur. Third, it should be regarded as an HCV1 (High Conservation Value), and as a consequence, should be included in the management plan of industrial concessions within which it occurs. Fourth, ex situ conservation should be tested, both within Gabon and Equatorial Guinea, and internationally. Finally, a public awareness campaign must be conducted involving industrial companies and other private actors, NGOs, scientific institutions, and the Equatorial Guinean and the Gabonese governments, to ensure that the species is taken into consideration when decisions are made that could impact its conservation.