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(Last Modified On 7/22/2013)
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(Last Modified On 7/22/2013)
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Species
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Cavendishia capitulata Donnell Smith
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PlaceOfPublication
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Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 25: 147. 1898.
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Note
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TYPE: Costa Rica; San Jose, La Palma, Werckle' 11.565 (US, holotype; CR, isotype; photo of holotype DUKE, NY).
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Description
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Erect, much branched, spreading, usually epiphytic shrub 0.5-1.5( -2) m tall, stem base 1-3 (-15) cm in diameter; mature branches terete to bluntly angled, glabrous, bark brown, rusty brown or gray to almost black; immature branches and twigs of new growth bluntly angled, glabrous or densely hirsute with spreading, white or yellowish trichomes ca. 0.5 mm long, frequently with clavate, reddish glandular fimbriae ca. 0.1 mm long. Leaves obovate, oblanceo- late, elliptic, oblong elliptic or ovate, 1.5-3(-6) cm long, 0.5-1.5(-3) cm wide, basally cuneate or rounded, apically rounded, obtuse or rarely abruptly tapering to a blunt tip, dull green or olive to grayish brown when dry, the young leaves densely puberulent, glabrate at maturity; 3-5 (-7) -plinerved, the midrib im- pressed or slightly raised, conspicuous above, raised and conspicuous beneath, lateral nerves slightly raised and conspicuous or plane and obscure on both sur- faces, the veinlets slightly raised, conspicuous or obscure above, usually obscure beneath; petioles smooth, striate or more commonly rugose, subterete or flat- tened, 1-3(-5) mm long and 0.5-1 mm in diameter, puberulent, glabrescent, brown, reddish brown or blackish. Inflorescence fasciculate, 3-6(-7) flowered; rachis glabrous, 1-3(-7) mm long, 1-1.5 mm in diameter; floral bracts smooth or muricate, glabrous, obovate, basally narrowed, apically rounded, shallowly emarginate or rarely acute 11-14(-19) mm long, 6.5-11 mm wide, purple to reddish purple, marginally scarious and sparsely fimbriate, rarely densely ciliate, frequently with scattered, short, thick, reddish brown, glandular fim- briae along the lamina; pedicels cylindric or obconic, rugose or obscurely ribbed, sometimes bluntly angled, glabrous or sparsely pilose distally, (0.5-) 1.5-2 (-5) mm long 1-1.5(-2.5) mm in diameter, rarely with reddish brown, glandular, distal fimbriae; bracteoles oblong to oblong elliptic, (1-)3-6(-8.5) mm long, 1-2 mm wide, basally truncate, apically obtuse, purple, marginally scarious and densely glandular fimbriate with fimbriae to 0.8 mm long. Flowers with the calyx 4.5-7.5 mm long, the tube cylindric or barrel-shaped, often pentagonal in cross section, smooth or minutely rugose, 1-3 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, slightly enlarged with a narrow rim or collar basally, green to purple, sometimes with scattered, reddish brown, glandular fimbriae, the limb erect, somewhat spreading or campanulate, 1.5-4 mm long including the lobes, green to greenish white, the lobes triangular, obtuse to acute, 0.5-1.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, erect or somewhat connivent after anthesis, densely glandular fimbriate with fimbriae to 0.2 mm long, the sinuses broadly rounded or obtuse, rarely acute; corolla constricted basally, narrowed to the throat, 10-16 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, glabrous, the basal 1/4 white or pale red, the middle '/2 purple or red- dish purple, the distal 1/4 white, the lobes white, triangular, obtuse, 1 mm long; stamens 9-14.5 mm long, the filaments glabrous or distally with scattered hairs, alternately either 1.5-3 mm or 3-6 mm long, the anthers including tubules al- ternately 5.5-10 mm and 7.5-12.5 mm long, the thecae 2-3 mm long; style (9.5-)11-15.5 mm long, the stigma somewhat peltate. Berry 5-7 mm in diam- eter.
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Habit
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shrub
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Note
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Cavendishia capitulata ranges from Costa Rica to Panama and is found be- tween 350-2,700 m elevation. It is distinctive despite the fact that the leaves are quite variable with respect to length and width. In Costa Rica and western Panama the leaves are usually narrowly oblong or elliptic, 2-2.5 cm long, 0.5- 1 cm broad, and both the apex and the base are rounded, but the leaves may be obovate oblanceolate with cuneate bases. In central and eastern Panama, from Santa Fe de Veraguas to the Province of Darien, the leaves are usually much longer and broader, averaging 2.5-5.5 cm long and 1-2.5 cm broad. How- ever, in floral characters these geographical variants are similar in all respects, and infraspecific recognition of these variants is not warranted.
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Distribution
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ranges from Costa Rica to Panama
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Elevation
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350-2,700 m
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Between Criollo and Quebrada Higueron on Chiriqui Trail, Kirkbride & Duke 778 (MO, NY). BOCAS DEL TORO-CHIRIQUi border: Cerro Colorado copper mining road, N of San Felix, Mori & Kallunki 5790, 5989 (both NY). CHIRIQUI: Trail from Cerro Punta to headwaters of Rio Caldera, 2250-2500 m, Allen 1434 (MO). Cloud forest at Monte Rey above Boquete, Croat 15774 (MO); Croat & Porter 15679 (MO). Cloud forest along continental divide on Cerro Colorado along upper mining road 20-28 mi from San Felix, 1200- 1500 m, Croat 33317 (MO, NY). Bajo Chorro, 1840 rn, Davidson 92 (A, F, US), 120 (A, F, US). Las Nubes, 1900-2200 rn, Luteyn 3044 (CAS, DUKE, LL, MICH, MO, NY, PMA). Bajo Chorro, 2190-2210 rn, Luteyn 3048 (DUKE, NY). Bajo Mono, NW of San Ramon, 1600-1700 m, Luteyn 3727 (DUKE, MO, NY). E slopes of Cerro Horqueta, 1700-1800 rn, Luteyn 3753 (DUKE, NY), 3757 (DUKE, F, MO, NY). Las Nubes, 1900-2200 m, Luteyn 3811 (DUKE, NY). E slopes of Cerro Horqueta, 1700-1800 m, Luteyn & Wilbur 4605 (DUKE, MO). Cerro Colorado cloud forest along continental divide, 1200-1500 m, Mori & Dressier 7765, 7887 (both MO, NY). Palo Alto just E of Boquete, 1540 m, Stern et al. 1069 (GH, MO, US). E slopes of Cerro Horqueta, 1700-1800 m, Wilbur & Luteyn 19206 (DUKE). Trail along upper Rio Chiriqui Viejo, 2 km N of Cerro Punta, Wilbur et al. 13087, 15373 (both DUKE, MO). Bajo Mono and Quebrada Chiquero, 1500 rn, Woodson & Schery 574 (GH, NY), 576 (MO). Bajo Chorro, 1900 m, Woodson & Schery 632 (GH, MO, NY). COCLE: Trail to La Mesa N of El Valle, 1000 m, Allen 2721 (A, F, MICH, MO, NY, UC, US). N of El Valle, Allen 3637 (G, GH, MO, NY, S, US). La Mesa, 810 m, Croat 25330 (MO); D'Arcy & D'Arcy 6761 (MO). Between Cerro Pilon and El Valle de Anton, 700-900 m, Duke & Dwyer 13937, 13959 (both MO, UC). Cerro Pilon, 1000 m, Dwyer & Lallathin 8609A (NY). Trail to Los Llano beyond La Mesa, 800-860 m, Luteyn 3169 (DUKE). Trail beyond La Mesa to the E, Luteyn & Kennedy 1729 (DUKE, F, MO, NY, PMA). DARIEN: Serrania de Pirre, 9-10 km N of Alto de Nique, 1520-1560 m, Croat 37869 (MO, NY). Serrania de Pirre, along headwaters of Rio Escucho Ruido, ca. 16 km N of Alto de Nique, 1530-1550 m, Croat 37927 (MO, NY). Cerro Pirre, Bristan 604(2) (MO); Duke 6079 (MO). PANAMA: Carti-El Llano-Tupile road, 15-16 km beyond Interamerican Highway, 400 m, Busey 365 (DUKE). Campo Tres, beyond Cerro Jefe, 500-800 m, Croat 27063 (MO). Cerro Jefe, Duke 8017(2) (MO). Carti-El Llano-Tupile road, 15-16 km beyond Interamerican Highway, 400 m, Ken- nedy et al. 2409 (MO). 12 mi above Pan American Highway, along the Carti-Tupile road, 200-500 m, Liesner 684 (MO). Campo Tres, beyond Cerro Jefe, 500-800 m, Liesner 549 (MO); Carti-El Llano-Tupile road, 10-12 km N of Interamerican Highway, 500 m, Luteyn & Wilbur 4680 (DUKE, MO). El Llano-Carti road, 12.7 km from Inter-American Highway, Mori et al. 4692 (NY). El Llano-Carti road, 16-18 km above Inter-American Highway, Nee & Tyson 10956 (NY). El Llano-Carti road, 8-12 km N of El Llano, Nee et al. 8745 (NY). Cerro Jefe, trail leading from summit W, Witherspoon & Witherspoon 8493 (MO, NY); Cerro Jefe, summit area, Witherspoon et al. 8281 (MO, NY). VERAGUAS: Road between Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra and Calovebora, 350-400 m, Croat 27394 (MO). Road beyond the Es- cuela Agricola Alto Piedra, 800-1000 m, Luteyn & Wilbur 4573 (DUKE, MO, NY). 8.8 km from Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra, NW of Santa Fe, Mori & Kallunki 3213 (NY). First branch of the Rio Santa Maria, NW from Santa Fe, WVitherspoon & Dressler 8920 (MO, NY).
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