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(Last Modified On 9/30/2013)
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(Last Modified On 9/30/2013)
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Species
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Stizolobium pruriens (L.) Medic.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Vorles. Churpffalz. Phys.-Ocon. Ges. 2: 399. 1787.
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Synonym
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Dolichos pruriens L., in Stickman, Dios. Herb. Amb. 23. 1754; Syst. Nat. ed. 10: 1162, 1759. TYPE: Indonesia, Rumphius, Herb. Amb. 5, tab. 142. 175, not seen, fide Verdcourt 1971. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC., Prodr. 2: 405. 1825. Mucuna purita Wight in Hook., Bot. Misc. 2: 348. 1831. Stizolobium pruritum (Wight) Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 30: 54. 1917.
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Description
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Vine sprawling on ground or shrubs, occasionally high climbing, mostly 2-3 m long; stems fine puberulent with white or brownish stiff, curved reflexed or appressed hairs, terete but drying minutely striate. Leaves trifoliolate, the leaflets mostly 5-12 cm long, thin, about equal, apically obtuse, mucronate, basally ob- tuse to truncate, the lateral leaflets oblique, pubescent with soft hairs, densely pubescent to glabrate, mostly more so beneath, the petiolules 3-4 mm long, pilose, sometimes with a few long (1 mm) coarse hairs, petioles exceeding the leaflets, sometimes twice as long, puberulent as on the stems; stipels minute,
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Habit
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Vine
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Description
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scale-like 1-3 mm long; stipules drying dark, narrowly ovoid, apically linear, ca. 4 mm long, mostly pilose with ascending hairs, mostly caducous. Inflorescences axillary, racemes to 20(-30) cm long, mostly 5-15 flowered, the branches grey silver pubescent, the pedicels short, ca. 4 mm long, tomentose, paired on short shoots, the bracts not seen, not elongating in fruit. Flowers ca. 4 cm long, the calyx campanulate, the limb ca. 1 mm across, greyish or silvery velutinous, the teeth linear lanceolate, ca. 7 mm long, the lowermost longest, the upper pair united into a narrowly deltoid lip; corolla purplish and white, the standard 15-20 mm long, the tip slightly upcurved and obtuse, ovate, the wings ca. 30 mm long, much exceeding the standard, narrow, the keel slightly longer than the wings, tubular, narrow, the apex cucullate and indurated, enclosing the anthers; ovary canescent, the style glabrous, the stigma minute. Legume oblong to fusiform, often irregularly curved, 4-9 cm long, 10-15 mm thick, densely tomentose with stinging hairs, orange, yellow or blackish brown, mostly striate under the hairs, tardily dehiscent with false septa between the seeds; seeds several, faboid, 1-1.5 cm long, plump, variously colored, shiny, with a narrowly elliptical, elevated caruncle around the short lateral hilum, the testa hard but thin.
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Note
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In fruit, this species can be confused with no other member of the Panamanian flora, for the densely woolly pods with stinging hairs often alert the observer before the plant is seen, and the faboid seeds with elevated caruncle around the hilum will separate the species from members of Mucuna which also have stinging hairs on the pods. Some varieties of this species are cultivated in the Old World for forage. The pods are similar to the typical variety but lack stinging hairs. Stizolobium pruriens is widespread in the Neotropics but is probably native to the Paleotropics. The brittle hairs are mechanically irritating and also bear a proteolytic enzyme which is irritating. The English common name "Cow-Itch" is a corruption of the Hindu name "Kewach" (Burkill, 1935), and does not imply potential for injuring cattle. In Spanish the plant is known as "Pica-Pica" (Standley, 1928).
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Common
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Pica-Pica
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Specimen
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CANAL ZONE: W end of Gatun Lake dam, Blum & Tyson 1999 (FSU, MO, SCZ). W edge of Cocoli, Croat 9180 (F, MO, SCZ). Pipeline Road, 1.2 mi NW of Gamboa gate, Croat 12736 (MO). Farfan, D'Arcy 9628 (MO). Cocoli, Dwyer 7229 (GH, MO, US). Madden Dam Area, Dwyer 8377 (MO). Gamboa, Greenman & Greenman 5164 (MO). Near Fort Clayton, Greenman & Greenman 5185 (MO). Hills E of Curundii, Harvey 5185 (F). Farfan Beach, Lewis & Dwyer 58 (MO). 1 km S of Madden Dam, 80 m, Nee 8907 (GH, MO, SCZ). Between Miraflores and Pedro Miguel, Pittier 2496 (US). Paraiso, Pittier 2518 (US). Balboa, Standley 27132 (US). Gattin, Standley 27249 (US). Gamboa, Standley 28453 (US). Las Cruces Trail between Fort Clayton and Corozal, Standley 29004 (US). Rio Pedro Miguel near East Paraiso, Standley 30034 (US). Miraflores Locks, Stern et al. 81A (GH, MO, US). Punta Bruja, Stevens 544 (US). Farfan Beach, Tyson et al. 3161 (MO). Gamboa near prison, Tyson & Lazor 6084 (FSU, PMA). CHIRIQUi: La Estrella, corregimiento de Bugaba, Gonzales 14 (MO). Las Vueltas, 1-100 m, Koster 110 (MO). Puerto Armuelles, 20 m, Liesner 139 (MO). COL6N: Camino de Sardinilla, Taylor 39 (PMA). DARIEN: Choco village, Piji Vasal, Folsom 4574 (MO). LOS SANTOS: 1 mi W of Tonosi, Croat 2986 (MO). PANAMA: Bejuco, Allen 975 (GH, MO, US). Cerro Cantratista, Buitrago 30 (MO, PMA). Between Goofy Lake and Panamerican Highway, Correa & Dressler 442 (A, MO, PMA, SCZ). Base of highway to Cerro Jefe, D'Arcy 13440 (K, MO, SCZ). Between Panama and Chepo, Dodge et al. 16675 (GH, MO). Chepo highway W of Rio Pacora, Duke 5893 (MO, WIS). Without other locality, Kennedy et al. 2013 (MO, US). Taboga Island, Macbride 2797 (US). Matias Hernandez, Pittier 6810 (GH, US). Near Panama, Sargent 7 (A). 2 km entrada camino a Cerro Azul, Taylor I (PMA). Camino despues de divisar lago de Sardinilla, Taylor 43 (PMA). VERAGUAS: Puerto Mutis, 12 mi S of Santiago, Tyson 5194 (FSU).
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