Published In:
Species Plantarum 1: 209. 1753. (1 May 1753) ( Sp. Pl.)   
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(Last Modified On 6/2/2011)
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Acceptance
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Accepted
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(Last Modified On 6/3/2011)
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Contributor Text:
S. NAZIMUDDIN AND M. QAISER
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Flower/Fruit:
Fl. Per.: April-October.
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Type:
Lectotype: A cultivated specimen grown in Holland (Hb. Cliff.) vide Stearn, l.c.
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Distribution:
Distribution: From the Mediterranean to Persia, China and Japan, common in rocky stream beds, ascending to 5,000 ft., also commonly cultivated and naturalized throughout Pakistan.
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Comment/Acknowledgements:
All parts of the plant is highly poisonous. Leaves are used in cutaneous eruption, decoction of leaves is used to destroy maggots infesting wounds. The plant is also used as rat poison in southern Europe. Nerium oleander L. and Nerium indicum Mill. are treated by various authors as separate species on the basis of leaf shape, length of protrusion of connectives and the number of teeth of corona appendages. However these characters have not been found to be useful in separating the two taxa. We have therefore followed Grant, Fosberg & Smith (Smithsonia Contrib. Bot. 17.53.1974) in treating the two as conspecific.
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Illustration:
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Map Location:
B-6 Malakand Dist.: Beyond Malakand, M.A. Siddiqui & Y. Nasir 6965 , (RAW); B-7 Dir Dist.: Between Tamir Garden and Dir, M. Qaiser & A. Ghafoor 6434 (KUH); 2 miles from Tamir Garden towards Dir, M. Qaiser & A. Ghafoor 1718 (KUH); Hazara Dist.: Sazin Karakarum High way, M. Qaiser & Abdul Ghafoor 5423 (KUH); C-5 North Waziristan, Miranshah Fruit Nursery, S.M.A. Kazmi 4441 (PES) C-6 Peshawar Dist.: Garden near PCSIR Labs., M. Saleem Khatak 10 (PES); Peshawar University Campus, 5.7.71 M. Saleem s. n. (PPFI); ibid., S.M.A. Kazmi & Khan Mohd 4260 (PES), P.C.S.I.R. Labs., Peshawar S.M.A. Kazmi & Khan Mohd 4250 (PES); Attock Bridge to Khushalghar Lamond 1647(E); Kohat Dist.: Kohat Cantt. S.M.A. Kazmi & M. Saleem 3226 (PES); C-7 Rawalpindi Dist.: Mohinder Nath 65 (KUH); Murree Road, 17 miles, stream bed R.R. Stewart 19400 (KUH); Swan River, Rawalpindi, Pran Nath 150 (KUH); Bursar Mull, R.R. Stewart 26401 (RAW); Rawalpindi, Mohinder Nath 69 (RAW); Nurpur, Rawalpindi, E. Nasir & M.A. Siddiqui 489 (RAW), D-4 Quetta Dist.: Quetta, S.M.A. Kazmi 148 (KUH); Humai, Lace in Walt 3620 (E); 40 miles from Naushki on way to Quetta Sultanul Abedin 3236 (KUH); D-5 Harnai 29.12.1968 M. Qaiser s.n. (KUH); About 12 miles from Harnai toward Loralai, M. Qaiser & A. Ghafoor 1483 (KUH); Zhob Dist,: 20 miles from Zhob to Qila Saifullah, S. Nazimuddin and S. Abedin 864 (KUH); D-6 D.G. Khan Dist.: Fort Munro, Sultanul Abedin and Abrar Husain 9690 (KUH); D-8 Near Lunar lake, Changa Manga, Sultanul Abedin 7573 (KUH); E-4 25 miles from Naushki on way to Quetta, M. Qaiser & A. Ghafoor 4386 (KUH); F-4 32 miles from Khuzdar on way to Wadh; M. Qaiser & A. Ghafoor 1193 (KUH) Kohat to Khudar, S. Surab, 1700 m, Lamond 194 (E); G-2 Makran Dist.: 16 miles from Pasni on way to Turbat Road, S.I. Ali, S.A. Farooqui & Sultanul Abedin 772 (KUH); C. 20 km from Turbat to Gwadar, c. 170 m Lamond 425 (E); 13 miles from Hushab on way to Turbat, S.I. Ali, S.A. Farooqui & Sultanul Abedin 1472 (KUH); C. 10 km w. Hoshab, c. 150 c. 150 m Lamond 380 (E); opposite to Rest House, Hushab, M. Qaiser, Asad Raza & Abrar Husain 858 (KUH); 13 miles from Pasni on way to Turbat, Sultanul Abedin & Abrar Husain 6466 (KUH) Turbat Road, 4 miles from Hushab, S.M.A. Kazmi 1085 (KUH); G-3 Hub River, S.M.Murtaza 8.10.1962 (KUH); G-4 on way to Dur Mohammad Goth, Karachi, S.I. Ali 1299 (KUH); Khadeji Fall, 2.11.1966 Khadija Aziz s.n. (KUH); University Campus Karachi, September 1965, Saida Qureshi s.n. (KUH); 15 miles from Thana Bulla Khan on way to Karachi, M. Qaiser & A. Raza & Abrar Husain 541(KUH); Malir, Warka Nath 230 (RAW); Khadeji, 46 km ENE Karachi, Lamond, 761 (E).
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An erect evergreen shrub, branches glabrous with milky juice, young branches green. Leaves 10-15 x 1-2 cm, linear-lanceolate, tapering at both ends, acuminate, thick coriaceous, midrib prominent, nerves numerous, petiole 5-7.5 mm long. Flowers white, pink or dark red, single or double in cultivated, form, fragrant 3-4 cm across, peduncle and pedicel hairy, bracts small, 5-7.5 mm long. Calyx c. 6.25 mm long, divided into 5 linear, acute lobes, hairy with gland at the base inside. Corolla tube 1.8 cm long, hairy within, throat narrow, ending in five twisted petals, tips rounded, corona of 5 scales near the throat of the corolla, cleft into 4-7 linear segments. Stamen included, filament short, Anthers connivent and adherent to stigma, connectives hairy, produced upward into long thread-like hairy appendages. Ovary with two distinct carpels, style filiform, thickened upward; stigma two lobed. Fruit 12-20 cm x 7:5 mm long.
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