Published In:
Flora Pedemontana 1: 131. 1785. ( Fl. Pedem.) 
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(Last Modified On 6/2/2011)
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Acceptance
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Accepted
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(Last Modified On 6/3/2011)
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Contributor Text:
S. I. ALI
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Flower/Fruit:
Fl.Per.: May-June
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Type:
Type: Described from N. Europe, Herb. Linn. 436.2 (LINN), vide R. R. Mill, l.c. 82. 1984.
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Distribution:
Distribution: Europe (except Mediterranean region) Russia (W. Siberia, Caucasia) Afghanistan, Pakistan (Chitral, Dir, Swat, Hazara, Gilgit), Kashmir, India, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and China (Gansu, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang).
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Comment/Acknowledgements:
ravine beds in forests, grassy hill tops between 2600-4000 Rhizome is valued as a salep, a strength giving food. Plant is diuretic and contains glucoside of digitalis group (Ambasta et al., loc. cit).
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Map Location:
A-7 Kashmir, Sind valley, Mohanmarg, 7500 ft, in ravine beds in forest, flowers cream yellow, 7.6.1940, Ludlow & Sherriff 8155 (BM); B-6 Chitral, Lowari Pass, 8000 ft, June-July, S. M. Toppin 402 (K); Lowari Pass, 11000 ft, 21.6.1895, Harriss 16709 (BM); Gujar near Dir, 30.8.1962, Stewart, Nasir & Siddiqi 1366 (RAW); B-7 Nathia, June, 1907, H. Deane s.n. (K); Shogran, Sandoz Farm, c. 9000 ft, perennial herb, beautiful yellow flowers, arising from leaf axils, 18.6.1967, E. Nasir & M. A. Siddiqi 4473 (RAW); Hazara, Kagan valley, 8000 ft, 1.6.1896, Inayat 20223 (K); B-8 Sonamarg 9000 ft, on exposed grassy hill tops, flowers greenish-white, perianth 1/3" long, S. K. Sachdeva 1 (K); Liddar valley, 10000 ft, 7.7.1902, J. R. Drummond 14154 (K); Gilgit, Naltar lake, 12000 ft, 20.7.1954, R. R. Stewart 26318 (BM); Srinagar, Lashpathri, 10,000 ft, 7.7.1978, C. R. Lancaster 210 (BM); Srinagar, Vishensar, 11500 ft, 5.7.1978, C. R. Lancaster 190 (BM); Kashmir, near Smithan Pass, 12000 ft, growing in dwarf Juniper scrub, flowers creamy white, 12000 ft, 1.7.1939, F. Ludlow 165 (BM); Kashmir, Jhelum valley, crust of Pir Panjal above, Tilpatra forest, nr. Pampur, 10000 ft, 7.7.1940, Ludlow & Sherriff 7749 (BM); Kashmir, Gurais valley, 8000 ft, 22.9.1893, J. F. Duthie 14079 (BM); Kashmir, Barzil, 11300 ft, 28.7.1876, C. B. Clarke 29728A (BM); Kashmir,Gorrai, 8000 ft, 21.7.1876, C. B. Clarke 29349C (BM); B-8/9 Ladakh, 6 km from Kanji, 14200 ft, 5.7.1984, A. R. B. & M. A. Rothera 122 (K); C-7 Murree Hills, 8500 ft, June 21, Mrs. Tristram s.n. (BM); C-8 Kashmir, Alibad, 11000 ft, 6.7.1876, C. B. Clarke 28917C (BM).
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Rhizomes usually tuber-like terete, rarely moniliform. Stem erect 30-90 cm, angled, glabrous. Leaves in whorls of 3-6-8, occasionally alternate near base of stem, sometimes opposite near apex, subsessile, elliptic to narrowly lanceolate or linear, 6-13.5 x 0.8-1.7 cm, entire, tip acute to acuminate. Inflorescence 1-2 (-4) flowered; peduncle 1-2 cm, bract <1 mm, or absent, pedicel 2.5-4.5 mm; perianth 8-9 mm, pale yellow, contracted in the middle, teeth inside and at the tip hairy. Stamens epipetalous, filaments 0.5-1 (-2) m, papillose. Ovary c. 3 mm, style 2.5-3 mm. Berries red, becoming purple, 6-8 mm in diameter.
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