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(Last Modified On 10/7/2013)
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(Last Modified On 10/7/2013)
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Species
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Hiraea faginea (Swartz) Niedenzu
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PlaceOfPublication
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Verz. Vorless. Lyc. Hos. W. 1906/7: 16. 1906.
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Synonym
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Malpighia faginea Swartz, Prodr. 74. 1788. TYPE: West Indies, Grenada, Masson (BM). Hiraea chrysophylla Griseb., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kj0benhavn 1852: 48. 1852. TYPE: not seen. Hiraea manzanillensis Beurl., Act. Holm. 117. 1854. TYPE: Panama, Billberg 286 (S). Hiraea faginea fo. glandulifera Niedenzu, Verz. Vorless. Lyc. Hos. W. 1906/7: 16. 1906.
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Description
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Lianas, younger stems, axes of inflorescence, sepals, and lower leaf surfaces densely appressed-pubescent with T-shaped trichomes, those of the stem very short, those of the lower leaf surface light brown. Leaves opposite, oblong-ellip- tic, acuminate, narrowly rounded to subcordate at the base, 9-16 cm long, 3.5- 6.0 cm wide, glabrous above, the trichomes of the lower surface contiguous; petioles 4-6 mm long; paired subulate stipules to ca. 4 mm long borne near the petiole apex on the upper surface. Inflorescences small, cymose, axillary umbels; peduncles usually 3-branched, each supporting an umbel and mostly shorter than the pedicels; pedicels to 1.5 cm long, stout, thickening distally. Flowers to 2 cm in diam., with the sepals ovate, eglandular or all but one usually with conspicuous glands, the glands oval or oblong-oval, 1.5-2.5 mm long; petals clawed, yellow, orbicular, 6-8 mm wide, the claw to 3.3 mm long, the margins lacerate, the petal opposite the eglandular sepal held somewhat erect, smaller than the other petals, to ca. 4.5 mm wide, the margin with glandular teeth; stamens 10, subequal, gla- brous; styles 3, pubescent at the base, 1 erect, the 2 opposite the erect petal arched-spreading. Schizocarp of 3 samaras, sometimes 1 or 2 by abortion, each samara with 2 large lateral wings; seminiferous area globular, ca. 5 mm long, densely appressed pubescent; lateral wings rigid-subcoriaceous, flabellate, cris- tate, 12-15 mm long, 10-12 mm broad; dorsal wing coriaceous, 1.0-1.5 mm high, moderately appressed pubescent especially near the body, glabrate toward the outer margin, the margin entire.
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Habit
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Lianas
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Note
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The Panamanian material seen consists of both the forma faginea and the variety glandulifera Niedenzu. The latter variety differs from the typical variety only in having calycine glands, and since they do not appear to be separated geographically or ecologically in Panama the forma glandulifera Niedenzu is not recognized here. In Panama, collections bearing calycine glands are slightly more prevalent than those not bearing calycine glands. The species is distinguished by its small oblong-elliptic leaves with pale, densely strigose lower surfaces, the trichomes contiguous or essentially so, and by the smaller, coriaceous samaras. The species is close and perhaps inseparable from H. chrysophylla Juss. from South America which differs in having a golden yellow lower blade surface, and having the lateral wings divided and more densely pubescent.
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Distribution
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ranges from Nicaragua to Panama and the West Indies.
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Note
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In Panama, the species is known from wetter parts of tropical moist forest, especially on the Atlantic slope, premontane wet forest and tropical wet forest at elevations from sea level to ca. 500 m. In Panama, flowering takes place from April to October, but occurs mostly in June and July at the beginning of the rainy season. Flowers are rarely seen at the beginning of the dry season in January. Fruits apparently mature from July to November, but perhaps also in the early dry season.
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Elevation
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sea level to ca. 500 m
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Bocas, Carlton 151 (GH, US). CANAL ZONE: Juan Mina, Rio Aguardiente Chico, Bartlett & Lasser 16545 (MO). Between Gatin Locks and Fort Sherman, Croat 15357 (GH, MO, NY). Pipeline Road, 5-7 mi N of Gamboa, Gentry 2048 (GH, MO, NY). Banks of Chagres River near Gatiin, Maxon 4885 (US). Rio Indio de Gatin, Pittier 2771 (F, US). Trinidad River, Agua Clara, Pittier 4000 (A, F, MO, US). Near Fort Sherman, Standley 30932, 31177 (US). Gamboa, Tyson et al. 4591 (MO). Mouth of Rio Cocoli, Miraflores, White 136 (F, GH, MO). Miraflores Lake, White, G. 157 (GH, MO, US). BARRO COLORADO ISLAND: Brown 35, 58 (both F); Foster 1105 (DUKE, MO, PMA); Kenoyer 403, 462, 463, 517 (all F, US); Montgomery 61 (MO). COL6N: Portobelo, Billberg 286 (S). Between Palma Bellas and Salud, near sea level, Croat 36862 (DUKE, MICH, MO, US). Ocean trail between Rio Indio and Miguel de la Borda, sea level, Croat 36918 (MO). DARIEN: Trail to Cerro Pirre, Duke & Bristan 251 (DUKE, MO, OS). San Jose River, Duke & Bristan 400 (MO). 1-5 mi downstream from El Real, Duke 4928 (MO, PMA, US). Rio Balsa between Manene and Tusijuanda, Duke 13578 (MO, OS). Rio Turia below El Real and Piraque Island, Stern et al. 898 (CS, GH, MO, NY). PANAMA: N of El Llano, 500-800 m, Gentry 5583 (GH, MO, NY). Rio Mamoni below La Capitana, 20-25 m, Pittier 4584 (F, NY, US). SAN BLAS: Canal just N of Mandinga airport, Duke 14837, 14847 (MO, OS). Mainland opposite Aligandi, Lewis et al. 178 (MO, US).
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