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(Last Modified On 2/7/2013)
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(Last Modified On 2/7/2013)
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Species
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CHONDRODENDRON TOMENTOSUM Ruiz & Pav.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Syst. Veg. 261. 1798.
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Synonym
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Epibaterium ? tomentosum Pers. Syn. P1. 2:561. 1807. Cocculus chondodendron DC. Syst. 1:552. 1818. Chondodendron scabrum Miers, in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. 7:44. 1851. Botryopsis spruceana Eichl. in Flora 47:394. 1864. Chondodendron cretosum Miers, in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. 19:192. 1867, nom. nud.; Contrib. Bot. 3:312. 1871. Chondodendron hypoleucum Standl. in Contrib. Arn. Arb. 5:65, pl, 10, 1933.
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Description
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Shrubby twiners; stems striate with the bark of older stems verrucose-lenti- cellate, minutely puberulent to tomentose, rarely glabrous. Leaves petiolate, ovate, deltoid or suborbicular, entire to crenate, the apex obtuse or acute, mucronate or sometimes emarginate, the base cordate, subcordate or truncate, 10-18 cm. long, 9-18 cm. wide, at length subcoriaceous, 5-, 7- or 9-pli-nerved, glabrous above, white and woolly beneath; petioles distally and proximally swollen, 4-14 cm. long, puberulent to tomentose. Staminate inflorescence fasciculate in the leaf axils, paniculiform, 6 cm. or more in length, the rachis tomentose; bracts and bracteoles ovate, about 0.5 mm. long. Staminate flowers (in Panama): Sepals 9, 14, or 16, irregularly imbricate, the 3, 8, or 10 exterior small, broadly ovate, rounded or obtuse at the apex, 0.5-1.4 mm. long, 0.5-1.2 mm. wide, exteriorly tomentose or with the margins ciliolate, the 6 interior conspicuously larger, oblong-ovate, 2.5-3.0 mm. long, 1.5-1.7 mm. wide, glabrous or with the margins ciliolate; petals 6, minute, broadly ovate or lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the apex, 0.5-0.8 mm. long, 0.3-0.5 mm. wide, glabrous; stamens 6, 1.5 mm. long, inflexed, the connective produced beyond the thecae, the filaments free or coherent at the base. Pistillate flower or fruit not seen.
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Habit
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Shrub
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Distribution
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Peru, Bolivia, Colombia and Panama.
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Specimen
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CANAL ZONE: Barro Colorado Island, shore east of Gross Trail, Woodworth St Vestal 438, Gatuin Lake, altitude 120 meters or less, Standley 40849. 41007, 41155.
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Note
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Three distinct types of staminate flowers are recognized by Krukoff and Moldenke (in Brittonia 3: 17. 1938) in Chondroderndron tomentosum. Type I is described as having 15 sepals with the outer 9 being 0.7-1.6 mm. long and 0.7-1.3 mm. wide, acute at the apex, fleshy, and slightly connate at the base. The 6 inner sepals are 3-4 mm. long, 1.7-2.5 mm. wide, campanulate-tubular at the base and glabrate except for the more or less fringed-ciliolate margins. The 6 petals are well- developed, broadly elliptic or obovate, about 0.5 mm. long and 0.25 mm. wide and rounded at the apex. The 6 stamens are about 2 mm. long. This is the Botryopsis spruceana type of staminate flower. Type II has (15-) 19-22 sepals about 0.7 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide which are glabrous throughout. The 6 petals are very minute, about 0.2 mm. long and wide, broadly elliptic and obtuse or rounded at the apex. The 6 stamens are about 1.2 mm. long with the anthers about as long as the filaments. This type represents the true Chondrodendron tomentosum type of staminate flower. Type III is described above and is based upon the Chondro- dendron hypoleucum of Standley. Representatives of the three groups cannot be distinguished vegetatively.
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