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(Last Modified On 5/8/2013)
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(Last Modified On 5/8/2013)
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Species
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Ardisia guianensis (Aubl.) Mez
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PlaceOfPublication
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Urb. Symb. Ant. 2: 392. 1901.
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Synonym
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Icacorea guianensis Aubl., Hist. PI. Gui. Fr. 2. Suppl. 1. t. 368. 1775. Ardisia acuminata Willd., Sp. PI. 1: 1062. 1797, fide Mez, loc. cit. 1901. Ardisia tetrandra H. B. K., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 3: 243. 1818, fide Mez, loc. cit. 1901. Ardisia amanuensis Lundell, Amer. Midland Naturalist 29: 485. 1943.
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Description
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Shrubs or small trees, the branchlets slender, subterete, finely lepidote. Leaves subsessile, the petioles thick, marginate, to 5 mm long; leaf blades membranaceous to chartaceous, entire or subentire to crenulate, oblanceolate, obovate, or oblanceolate-elliptic, 6-12 cm long and 2.5-5 cm wide, abruptly short acuminate apically, subcuneate basally, decurrent, lepidote on the under- surface, the costa plane above, prominent beneath, the primary nerves con- spicuous, 8-11 pairs, the veins reticulate. Inflorescences terminal, tripinnately paniculate, pyramidal with a rounded top, angulate, finely furfuraceous-lepidote, to 9 cm long; pedicels 3-4(-5-7) mm long. Flowers 4-5-merous in the same inflorescence, subcorymbose, numerous, crowded; buds slender, fusiform; calyx lepidote, the sepals thin, ovate, 1.3-1.4 mm long, rounded apically with a hyaline margin, obscurely ciliolate or erose at first, punctate with small round outer and inner oblongish orange glands, these usually dispersed; petals 4.5-5 mm long, revolute, connate ca. 1 mm basally, oblong-elliptic, lineate medially with orange glands, with small round orange glands bordering these; stamens 3-4.2 mm long, attached above the base of the corolla tube, the fila- ments slender, 1-1.5 mm long, the anthers often reddish-black when dry, finely rugose, slender, linear, 2.4-3.3 mm long, apiculate, dehiscent by small flaring apical pores; ovary small, glabrous, ovules small, (5-)8-12(-14) in several series, the style slender, 4.5 mm long. Fruit globose, 5-6 mm in diameter.
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Habit
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Shrubs or small trees
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Distribution
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Central America, the West Indies, and northern South America.
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Bar Mouth, Changuinola Valley, Dunlap 539 (F, US). Flat Rock, region of Almirante, Cooper 547 (F, US). Old Bank Island, vicinity of Chiriqui Lagoon, von Wedel 2088 (MICH, holotype of A. amanuensis; K, LL, MO, isotypes ), 2135 (LL, MO). CANAL ZONE: Cruces, Seemann 540 (K). Empire Station, Hayes 26 (BM, K). Obispo, Standley 31685 (US). Vicinity of Rio Cocoli, Road K-9, Stern et al. 302 (MO, US). Rio Pedro Miguel, near East Paraliso, Standley 29948 (US). PANAMA: Rio Chagres above Alhajuela Pittier 3516 (US). Tributary of the Rio Chagres, 5 mi. SW of Cerro Brewster, ca. 1000 ft, Lewis et al. 3493 (LL). Rio Charco-Espiritu on Tocumen high- way, Duke 5692 (LL). Along Rio Juan Diaz above Juan Diaz, 30 m, Allen 929 (F, MO, P, S, US.). Rio Mamoni, above Chepo, 20-25 m, Pittier 4725 (US). Near Rio Pacora, Miller 1782 (US). Rio Tapia, Standley 28139 (US). Near Rio Tapia, Juan Diaz region, Maxon & Harvey 6713 (US). Tocumen, Bro. Paul 251 (US). Rio Tocumen, Standley 29335, 29366 (both US), N of Chepo Road, Hunter & Allen 247 (F, K, MO, US). San Jose Island, N end of island, Erlanson 373 (MICH, US.); area W of East Loop, Johnston 389 (MO, US); SE corner of F-area, Johnston 464 (MO, US); NW slope of Red Hill, Johnston 93 (MO, P, US); along Rio Merino, Erlanson 545 (US); South beach, Erlanson 50 (US). SAN BLAS: Isla de Soskatupu, Duke 8965 (MO). Mulatuppu, Duke 8532 (MO).
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Note
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The correct name for this common species appears to be Ardisia guianensis. Collections from northern South America have been identified commonly as this taxon, and identical material from Panama referred to A. compressa H. B. K. The common denominator of the populations is A. amanuensis. The illustration by Aublet of A. guianensis is sufficiently detailed to justify the application of this oldest name, for a majority of the collections have mostly 4-merous flowers, and the leaves range from entire to crenulate. Axillary and terminal inflorescences are found in the populations through- out the range of the taxon. Ardisia acuminata and A. tetrandra are listed as synonyms on the basis of Mez's treatment. I have not seen the types, and ultimate disposition of these taxa will depend upon their study. The ovule number in the Panama populations of A. guianensis is unusually variable for a species in this genus, ranging from 5-14, and the ovules vary also in size. In the type of A. compressa at Paris the 13-15 ovules are larger, obovoid, and to 0.2 mm long. Ardisia compressa, which has (4-) 5-merous flowers in terminal panicles is very close to A. guianensis, and collections from Caripe, Venezuela, the type locality, are needed to determine the status of this taxon. Ardisia compressa does not occur in Panama according to my revised interpretation of the populations of this complex of species.
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