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(Last Modified On 6/20/2013)
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(Last Modified On 6/20/2013)
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Species
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Chaptalia nutans (L.) Polak.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Linnaea 41: 582. 1878.
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Synonym
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Tussilago nutans L., Syst. Nat. 10(2): 1214. 1759. TYPE: America, collector unknown, Herb. Linn. 995.5 (LINN, not seen; US, microfiche). Tussilago lyrata Pers., Syn. PI. 2: 456. 1807. TYPE: Hab. in Amer. Meridionali (not located). Leria nutans (L.) DC., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 19: 68. 1812. Leria lyrata Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat. 26: 102. 1823. TYPE: not located. Tussilago vaccina Vell., Fl. Flum. Icon. 8;: 143. 1831. LECTOTYPE: Fl. Flum. Icon.: icon. 143. Gerbera nutans (L.) Schultz-Bip. in Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 313. 1856. Thyrsanthema nutans (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 369. 1891. Chaptalia carduacea E. L. Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 191. 1906. TYPE: U.S.A., Texas, San Diego, 1884-1888, Croft 35 (US, holotype). Chaptalia leonina E. L. Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 193. 1906. TYPE: Mexico, States of Coahuila and Nuevo Leon, Feb.-Oct. 1880, Palmer 764 (US, holotype). Chaptalia diversifolia E. L. Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 194. 1906. TYPE: Guatemala, vicinity of Mazatenango, 350 m, 20 Feb. 1905, Maxon & Hay 3504 (US, holotype). Chaptalia subcordata E. L. Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 195. 1906. TYPE: St. Croix, Big Fountain Garden, 24 June 1896. Ricksecker 447 (US, holotype). Chaptalia erosa E. L. Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 196. 1906. TYPE: Costa Rica, San Jose, road edges, 1135 m, June 1892, Tonduz 447 (US, holotype). Chaptalia majuscula E. L. Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 196. 1906. TYPE: Bolivia,, Maipiri, 5000 ft, May 1886, Rusby 1677 (US, holotype). Chaptalia texana E. L. Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 191. 1906. TYPE: U.S.A., Texas, sparsely wooded ground in western Texas, Neally 297 (US, holotype). Chaptalia nutans var. texana (E. L. Greene) Burkart, Darwiniana 6: 569. 1944.
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Description
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Perennial scapose herbs 46-87 cm tall. Leaves in a basal rosette, lyrate, the terminal segment comprising half or more of the leaf, lobed, acute, tapering at the base, 3-10 cm wide, 9-34 cm long, glabrous or with patches of wooly trichomes above, densely lanate beneath, stem leaves lacking. Heads inconspicuously radiate, borne singly, often several per plant, turbinate, nodding when young and at fruit maturity, to 4 cm long and 6 cm wide; involucral bracts linear, lanceolate, imbricate in several unequal series, the margins entire, the tips red, acute, densely lanate on the outer surface; receptacle flat, foveolate; florets trimorphic, white; outer series of florets female with ligulate corollas, the ligule narrow, strap-shaped, ca. 12 mm long, extending only slightly beyond the involucral bracts; second series of florets female, the corolla tube of varying length, shorter than the style; innermost disc florets perfect, the corollas bilabiate. Achenes fusiform, reddish brown or green, with 5-8 white nerves, beaked, the beak forming over half the length, 0.5-1.5 mm long, glabrous or slightly pilose; pappus 12-15 mm long, of tawny or more often pink, capillary bristles. Chromosome number 2n = 48
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Note
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Chaptalia nutans is an extremely widespread and variable species ranging from the United States to Argentina, and in the West Indies. Plants from various populations, or even within one population, can flower with scapes ranging from 6 cm to 1 m tall. The species may be recognized by the orientation of the heads; when immature or as the achenes are shed they are nodding but at anthesis they are upright. It is distinguished from C. runcinata by its bractless scape and lyrate, lobed leaves. Leaves of this species wetted with oil were applied medicinally in northern Argentina according to Burkart (1944).
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Distribution
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from the United States to Argentina
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: At Bocas, Lazer et al. 2449 (FSU). Changuinola to 5 mi S at the Junction of Rios Changuinola and Terebe, 100-200 ft, Lewis et al. 917 (MO). CANAL ZONE: Summit Garden, D'Arcy & D'Arcy 6187 (MO). Between Madden Dam and Saddle II near Alahuela, 90-100 m, Dodge et al. 16501, 16512 (both MO). Ancon Hill, Greenman & Greenman 5116 (MO). Fort Clayton, Tyson 1840 (MO). Cerro Azul, 2000 ft, Tyson 2068 (MO). Cerro Jefe, Tyson et al. 4310 (MO). Miraflores Lake, White & White 191 (MO). BARRO COLORADO ISLAND: Ebinger 134 (MO); Shattuck 157, 199 (both MO); Netting 22 (MO); Croat 4087a, 6537, 6903, 13498 (all MO). CHIRIQUI: 25 km W of Puerto Armuelles, 400-600 m, Busey 533 (MO). Boquete, 3800 ft, Davidson 640 (MO). Boquete, 5500 ft, Dwyer 7013 (MO). Llanos del Volcan, 1120-1200 m, Seibert 337 (MO). Near Boquete, 1200-1500 m, Woodson & Schery 774 (MO). COCLE: Vic. of El Valle, 600-1000 m, Allen 1162 (MO). COLON: ViC. of Sardinilla, Blum & Tyson 488 (FSU, MO). DARIEN: Vic. of Boca de Cupe, 40 m, Allen 895 (MO). HERPERA: 12.5 mi S of Ocu,, 1200 ft, Lewis et al. 1639 (MO). LOS SANTOS: Loma Prieta, 800-900 m, Duke 11875 (MO). 25 mi SW of Tonosi, 2500-3000 ft, Lewis et al. 2884 (MO). PANAMA: Ville Guadelupe-Calle, de Hoyos 25 (MO). Pan-Am Hwy. near Jenene, Rio Caffita, Duke 3822 (MO). Toward top of Cerro Campana, Duke 5972 (MO). Goofy Lake to 8 mi S of Goofy Lake, Dwyer 7056 (MO). Near Arraijan, Woodson et al. 1347 (MO). SAN BLAS: Without locality, Duke 10129 (MO).
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