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(Last Modified On 9/16/2013)
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(Last Modified On 9/16/2013)
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Species
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Psychotria horizontalis Swartz
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PlaceOfPublication
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Nov. Gen. Sp. P1. Prodr. 44, 1788.
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Note
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TYPE: Hispaniola, Swartz, not seen.
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Synonym
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Psychotria glaucescens H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. P1. 3: 358. 1819. TYPE: Venezuela, Humboldt & Bonpland, not seen. Psychotria bimea Riley, Kew Bull. 1927: 124. 1927. TYPE: Panama, Riley 112 (K, holotype). Psychotria horizontalis var. glaucescens (H.B.K.) Steyermark, Mem. N.Y. Bot. Garden 23: 472. 1972.
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Description
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Shrubs to 5 m tall, usually branching freely, the branchlets terete, slender, smooth, glabrous, the terminal nodes usually proximate. Leaves oblong, occa- sionally elliptic or obovate elliptic, 6-16 cm long, 2-8 cm wide, deltoid or sub- obtuse at the apex, rarely acute, acuminate, the acumen to 1.5 cm long, often falcate, ultimately obtuse, basally cuneate, obtuse or attenuate acute, occasion- ally cordate, rarely truncate, the costa prominulous above, often distinctly grooved, prominent beneath and usually with an evident pore in the axils of the secondary veins, the lateral veins 5-10, arcuate and forming an undulate, sub- marginal vein to 1 cm from the margin, stiffly chartaceous, concolorous, glabrous above, glabrous to puberulent beneath; -petioles absent or to 0.5(-0.9) cm long, slender, to 0.13 cm wide, glabrous or minutely puberulent; stipules deciduous, ovate oblong, to 8 mm long, obtuse or acute, rubescent outside, glabrous, setose within. Inflorescences terminal, solitary, paniculate, to 8 cm long, usually 2 times longer than wide, puberulent or glabrous; peduncles 1.5-6.0 cm long, usually terminating in 5 radially disposed branches or the rachis extended and the branch- es in 2 well-spaced pairs, the cymules terminal. Flowers pedicellate, the pedicels to 2 mm long, the hypanthium short, the calycine cup ca. 1 mm long, pubescent, petaloid, eglandular or with 5 well-spaced glands within, glabrous within, the teeth 5, 1.0-2.5 mm long, sometimes unequal, acute; corolla white or yellow, the tube cylindrical, 2-4 mm long, puberulent to glabrate outside, with soft, white, elongate hairs within near the point of filament attachment, the lobes 5, oblong, petaloid, venose, about 1/2 the length of the tube, obtuse or acute; stamens 5, exserted, the anthers narrowly oblong, ca. 1 mm long, the filaments slender, to 2 mm long, attached near the mouth; ovarian disc pulvinate, ca. 0.3 mm long, the style 1.5-2.0(-7.0) mm long (fide Croat), the stigmas 2, digitiform, ca. 1 mm long, papillose. Fruits subglobose, 4-5 mm in diam., minutely puberulent, dis- tinctly furrowed, the calyx often persistent, to 2 mm long.
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Habit
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Shrubs
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Distribution
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ranges from Mexico south to Ecuador.
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Note
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It also occurs in the West Indies. It is usually recognized by a combination of characters: in- florescence with branches usually 5-radiate, "domatia" usually in the axils of the veins, the fruits with persistent elongate calyx.
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Specimen
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CANAL ZONE: Madden Dam, Allen 2563 (F). Fort Kobbe, Duke 4701, 4197 (both MO). Fort Sherman, Duke 6910 (MO). K-9 Road, Dwyer 2620, 2858 (both MO). Madden Dam, Dwyer & Hayden 23 (MO); Dwyer & Lallathin 8816 (MO). Mandingo Road, Hayden 59 (MO). Madden Dam, Kirkbride 39 (MO). Rio Petitpie, road to Fort Sherman from Gatin Locks, Mori & Kallunki 2658 (MO). RR and Panama Canal, 6 km W of Gamboa, Nee 7207 (MO). 1 km NW of Gamboa, Nee 9543 (MO). Gatin, Standley 27181 (US). Las Cruces Trail, Standley 39178 (US). K-9 Road, Stern et al. 15 (MO). Road K-9, Rio Cocoli, Stern et al. 325 (MO). Miraflores Lake, Chiva-Chiva Trail, Tyson 1345 (MO). Old Fort Lorenzo, Tyson 2233 (MO). Fort Sherman, Tyson & Dwyer 1186, 1197 (both MO). 12 mi S of Col6n, Tyson et al. 4472 (MO). Miraflores, White 139 (MO). BARRO COLORADO ISLAND: Aviles 9 (MO); Bailey & Bailey 393, 566 (both F); Croat 4110, 4138 (both MO), 4383 (F, MO), 4752, 4985, 5083, 5137, 5498, 5578, 6011, 6274, 6300A, 6383, 6824, 9226, 10758 (all MO); Dwyer 1411 (MO); Ebinger 251 (MO), 556 (F, MO), 878 (MO); Hayden 15, 38, 138, 175 (all MO); Shattuck 1025 (F, MO, US); Standley 40993, 41094 (both US); Starry 164 (MO); Witherspoon & Witherspoon 8693 (MO). CHIRIQuf: Boquete and Cerro Horqueta, Duke 13701 (MO). COCLE: El Valle, Duke 13246 (MO). Penonom&, Dwyer 1100 A (MO). El Cope, Garner 40 (MO). COL6N: Isla Grande, D'Arcy 4020 (MO). Achiote, Folsom 3859 (MO). Near home of P. H. Zimmerman, Folsom et al. 3327 (MO). DARIEN: Rio Tuira, Duke 4953, 4954 (both MO). Rio Morti near Morti Arriba, Duke 8443 (MO). Rio Chucunaque, Cativo Swamp, Duke 11743 (MO). Rio Morti, Duke 14178 (F). Morti Hydro, Duke 14238 (MO). Piria-Cafiasas trail near Piria, Duke 14313 (MO). Cafiasas and Sabalo, Duke 14470 (MO). Rio Morti, Morti Hydro, Duke 15822 (MO). Without other locality, Duke & Bristan 102 (MO). El Real, Duke & Bristan 288 (MO). Without other locality, Sexton 115 (MO). Yaviza, Stern et al. 164 (MO, US). HERRERA: Oci, Ebinger 1058 (F, MO), 1071 (MO). LOS SANTOS: Rio Pedregal, 25 mi SW of Tonosi, Lewis et al. 2915 (COL, MO, UC, VEN). Guaniquito, near Tonosi, Luteyn & Foster 1382 (F, MO). PANAMA: Perlas Archipelago, Anderson s.n. (F). Isla del Rey, Correa 111 (MO). Coronado Beach, Duke 11801 (MO). San Jose Island, Erlanson 213, 236, 477, 556 (MO). Bella Vista, Maxon & Valentine 6937 (US). Trapiche Island, Miller 1900 (US). Los Asientos, Wendehake 40 (MO). Isla Taboga, Woodson et al. 1459 (F, MO).
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