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(Last Modified On 7/15/2013)
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(Last Modified On 7/15/2013)
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Species
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Cardiospermum microcarpum H.B.K.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 5: 104. 1821.
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Note
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TYPE: Venezuela, Missiones del Orinoco, prope S. Fernando de Atabapo, Hum- boldt & Bonpland 1184 (P).
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Synonym
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Cardiospermum acuminatum Miq., Linnaea 18:359. 1844. TYPE: Surinam, prope Paramaribo, Miquel (K). Cardiospermum pumilum Blume, Rumphia 3:184. 1847. TYPE: Seychelles Islands (not seen). Cardiospermum truncatum A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 101. 1847. TYPE: Ethiopia, Prov. of Chire, Dillon (not seen).
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Description
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Small herbaceous vines; stems 6-costate, glabrate. Leaves biternate; petioles terete, 0.5-4 cm long; leaflets oblong to lanceolate, obtuse or subacute at the apex, attenuate-petiolate at the base, 1.5-4.5 cm long, 0.5-1.8 cm wide, deeply incised- dentate, membranous, rugulose, sparsely strigose especially on veins, the midrib sharply raised; stipules minute, scabrous. Thyrses long-pedunculate on a tendril, umbellike in appearance. Flowers white; sepals 4, the outer 2 small, rugulose, strigose, the inner 2 twice as large, rugulose, glabrous, obovate, 2.3 mm long, 2 mm wide, concave; petals obovate, 2-2.5 mm long, the anterior scales free or fused to about the middle of the petal, densely villous to glabrous except along the villous margins, the deflexed appendage deltoid, villous along the margin, the crest broadly obovate, as broad as long, the lateral petals with the scale sparsely villous to almost glabrous, the appendage lacking, the crest as in the anterior pet- als; disc with 2 broad glands; stamens 8, the filaments villous; bisexual flowers with the stamens to ca. 1 mm long, the ovary obcordate, 3-sided, densely villous, to 1.8 mm long, the style 3-lobed to about the middle, ca. 1 mm long; staminate flowers with the stamens to 3 mm long, the ovary nearly glabrous, 3-sided, the stigmas 3, about as long as ovary, together with the ovary ca. 1 mm long. Capsules inflated, obreniform, 3-lobed, 1 cm long, 2 cm broad, sparsely pubescent; seed globose, 4 mm long, black, shiny, the hilum obcordate, white.
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Habit
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vines
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Note
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Cardiospermum microcarpum is distinguished from other species of Cardio- spermum by having a capsule broader than long. It was considered a variety of C. halicacabum L. by Radlkofer (1933-1934) and was included as a synonym of C. halicacabum by Standley & Steyermark (1949). Floral dissections lead me to be- lieve that there are markedly different taxa going under the names C. halicacabum and C. microcarpum, and therefore, I have treated C. microcarpum as a distinct species. Few sheets have mature flowers to allow a thorough study of variation, but the few flowers studied were markedly variable.
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Distribution
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widely distributed in tropical areas.
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Note
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In Pan- ama the species is known from disturbed areas in tropical dry forest, premontane moist forest, and drier parts of tropical moist forest. The species flowers and fruits principally in the dry season, December to April.
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Specimen
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CANAL ZONE: Ancon Hill, Greenman & Greenman 5082 (MO). Las Cruces Trail, 75 m, Hunter & Allen 665 (MO). HERRERA: Road from La Avena to Pese, Burch et al. 1280 (GH, MO, NY). Vic. of Pese, Croat 9675 (MO, SCZ). PANAMA: Camino de Las Sabanas, Herbierto (US). Ca. 1 mi from Chepo, Wilbur & Luteyn 11810 (DUKE, GH, MO). Chepo, ca. 60 m, Pittier 4639 (US). Las Sabanas, Standley 25858 (US).
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