蕨藓科   jue xian ke

by Jia Yu and Si He

 

 

Plants usually large to rather robust, stiff, glossy, in loose or pendulous tufts, or dense mats. Primary stems elongate, often prostrate or stoloniform, with scale-like leaves and loose rhizoids; secondary stems often erect or dendroid, simple, irregularly or pinnately branched; in cross section, epidermal cells enlarged, cortical cells often thick-walled, porose, central strand absent; pseudoparaphyllia often present, filamentous or foliose. Leaves appressed when dry, often flexuose, sometimes twisted, not clearly contorted, broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, acute, acuminate, or piliferous at the apex, not decurrent, rarely broadly decurrent at the base; margins serrulate to dentate above, entire below; costae single, reaching mid-leaf or beyond, or short, double, or absent; leaf cells rhomboidal to linear-rhomboidal, usually smooth, rarely papillose or prorate, laxly arranged at the base; alar cells more or less differentiated, sometimes inflated, brown. Dioicous. Perichaetia and perigonia on lateral branches; inner perichaetial leaves differentiated, often sheathing at the base. Setae very short to elongate, reddish, usually smooth; capsules immersed or exserted, globose, ovoid to cylindrical, erect, symmetric; opercula conic, shortly rostrate; annuli often not differentiated; exothecial cells smooth; stomata few, superficial, or absent; peristome double, inserted at the mouth; exostome teeth lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, often with irregular thickenings, papillose or striolate at the base, usually trabeculate on the inner surface, sometimes a prostome present; endostome segments often reduced or linear, short; basal membrane low; cilia often absent. Calyptrae small, cucullate or mitrate. Spores spherical, usually large, papillose.

1. Primary stems rhizomatous with abundant rhizoids; outer surface of the exostome teeth regularly thickened, more or less papillose; endostome not adhering to the exostome, basal membrane and cilia present............. 2

1. Primary stems with a few rhizoids; outer surface of exostome teeth often irregularly thickened, smooth; endostome variable, often adhering to the exostome, basal membrane and cilia often absent.......................... 5

2. Secondary stems often simple, usually loosely and irregularly branched; costae double, short and weak....

2. Secondary stems frondose, often complanately branched in upper parts of stems; costae single or forked................................................................................................................................................................................ 3

3. Leaf costae short, single (less than 1/4 the leaf length) or double; capsules cylindrical......... 13. Trachyloma

3. Leaf costae long, single (more than 3/4 the leaf length); capsules ovoid to spherical...................................... 4

4. Pseudoparaphyllia absent; leaves narrowly ovate; median and upper leaf cells unipapillose....................... 6. Osterwaldiella

4. Pseudoparaphyllia present; leaves cordate; leaf cells smooth................................................... 7. Penzigiella

5. Leaf costae absent or short, double........................................................................................................................ 6

5. Leaf costae single.................................................................................................................................................... 9

6. Leaves auriculate at the base; alar and basal cells not differentiated........................................ 5. Meteoriella

6. Leaves without auricles at the base; alar and basal cells differentiated........................................................... 7

7. Leaves gradually becoming shortly acuminate at the apex...................................................... 11. Pterobryopsis

7. Leaves abruptly constricted into a slender apex.................................................................................................... 8

8. Stems not differentiated into frond and stipe; leaves serrulate at the apex; setae 6–8 mm long................. 2. Eumyurium

8. Stems differentiated into frond and stipe; leaves usually entire or only denticulate near the apex; setae 2–3 mm long......................................................................................................................... 12. Symphysodontella

9. Leaves cordate and auriculate at the base................................................................................. 1. Calyptothecium

9. Leaves not cordate and not auriculate at the base............................................................................................... 10

10. Leaves not or only slightly concave; alar cells not or only slightly differentiated.................................... 11

10. Leaves distinctly to strongly concave; alar cells clearly differentiated...................................................... 12

 

11. Leaves ovate-lingulate, acute to obtuse at the apex; endostome filiform............................ 4. Hydrocryphaea

11. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate at the apex; endostome reduced, adhering to the exostome...........

 .......................................................................................................................................................... 10. Pterobryon

 12. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, slenderly long-acuminate at the apex.............................. 12. Symphysodontella

 12. Leaves oblong-oval, blunt or shortly apiculate at the apex......................................................................... 13

13. Leaf costae subpercurrent to shortly excurrent; capsules exserted.................................................. 8. Pireella

13. Leaf costae extending to the mid-leaf or somewhat beyond; capsules immersed.................................................. 9. Pseudopterobryum