1. Tortella fragilis (Drumm.) Limpr. 折叶纽藓 zhe-ye niu xian
Laubm. Deutschl. 1: 606. 1888. Mollia fragilis (Drumm.) Lindb., Musci Scand. 21. 1879. Didymodon fragilis Drumm., Musci Amer., Brit. N. Amer. 127. 1828. Type. North America.
Trichostomum lonchobasis Müll. Hal., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. ser. 3: 102. 1896. Type. China: Shaanxi (Schen-si), Kuan-tou-san, July 1894, P. J. Giraldi 926 (isotype H).
Plants medium-sized to large, (1–)2–4(–6) cm high, yellowish green to brown green, in dense tufts. Stems erect, usually simple, radiculose at base. Leaves appressed to erect-curved when dry, erect-spreading when moist, linear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 5.0–7.5 mm long, often fragil eat tips, somewhat sheathing at base; margins plane or somewhat undulate or narrowly incurved; costa shortly excurrent, ending in an awn; upper leaf cells quadrate to hexagonal, 5–8 µm in diameter, usually bistratose, pluripapillose, with simple papillae, relatively thin-walled; basal cells sharply differentiated, rectangular, smooth, forming a V-shaped base. Sporophytes not seen.